On Hohhot Real Estate Rfom1632to1937

Hohhot studied in this thesis refers to today’s Hohhot City and the thesisexplores the city’s four districts, which are Yuquan, Xincheng, Huimin, Saihan from1632to1937. Traced back to Qing Dynasty, Hohhot was composed of Guihua andSuiyuan City, which is distance of five li. Guihua was originated in Kukuhetunfounded by Mongolian Tumd Alatan Khan in the Middle and Late Ming Dynasty. AndSuiyuan City was founded in Qianlong four-year (1739), which was a Manchu citiesgarrisoned by the Manchu Eight Banners. During the period of the Republic of China,the city’s real estate had been extended. The Guihua and Suiyuan cities becameorganic whole, and named as Guisui. In this thesis, the premises of Hohhot in historywere discussed in field of the city space. The development of the premises haddifferent configuration in Qing and the period of the Republic of China. The paper isdivided into three parts, nine chapters. This paper describes and analyzes the contentand features of the Hohhot premises development in the different times and underdifferent conditions, so as to explore the essence and significance of this evolution.The Qing Dynasty period, Guihua City real estate had two layers of managementauthority. The land belonged to the country and Tumd had a possessory title to land.The premises laid in the hands of the Guihua upper nobilities of Tumd Mongoliantribes and temples supported by the Qing government. With the penetration of theQing regime, there was part of the Crown Land. With the influx of migrants from theup-country, the real estate industry was developing rapidly. The real estate belongedto Mongolia tribes and temples were given by government in name of resident landand worshippers land and the owners had no right to exchange. The industry of civiland temples real estate was lease-based form. The contract was used in the lease. Inthis contract, the tenants had prior right to lesser. That is to say that the tenants canterminate the contract without any restraint, but the lesser had no right like that.Despite there were law of prohibiting transaction of real estate, due to mutualeconomic needs and the poor management for central government, premises market had always existed and Mongolia real estate businessmen formed a certain scale. Theofficial real estate industry was mainly to compensate for the lack of funding foroffice and executed a strict system reporting to Li Fan Yuan by the way of Four-postinventory. It was controlled by the central government.The Qing government provided planning, staff and funds to built the Suiyuan Cityin Emperor Qianlong four-year by. The castle and all the city facilities arestate-owned. The Suiyuan city’s real estates planning, size, layout, quality andmaintenance were strictly controlled by central government and local governmententrusted to manage. With the political changes, the real estate selling affairs chargedby the Suiyuan City generals, the Guihua Vice-all Series, Suiyuan City Li Shi TongZhi who managed economic affairs, or Shanxi Asking Political which was theSuiyuan city’s director. It was illegal for citizen of Eight Banners to sell their realestate, so they sold it secretly. The way of the Suiyuan city’s real estateindustrialization is mainly to set shop rental and the profit was mainly to meetnecessities of the Eight Banners soldier and their family’s life. The rental of realestate applied to the Four-inventory Report system and reported to the Ministry ofstrict management by the Qing government. As a part of Suiyuan city financialincome, the rent were used for the Suiyuan city internal expenses.In the later Qing dynasty, the Qing government carried out a new policy whichimplemented in Mongolia area a reclamation policy. Associated with complex realestate situation in Guihua and Suiyuan City, the central and local governments beganto clear and rectify the real estate. Through the implementation of stamp tax of realestate, and the Guihua real estate clean-up registration charged by Yi Gu, who was theSuiyuan City General. Therefore, the Guihua Meng Min real estate exchange waspermitted in law and the ownership separation of real estate were confirmed. TheApartment of Suiyuan Property Government-owned charged the job. It drew CleaningProperty Government-owned Twenty-two and sold the state-owned real estate, whichtransferred state-owned real estate to privatization. Therefore, the real estaterectifying job eliminated boundaries between Guihua and Suiyuan city and the citytrend to integration.From Qing Dynasty to the early Republic of China, the real estate of naturalization appeared in Guihua city and privatization in Suiyuan city appeared too. In thisprocess, the central powers penetrated constantly in various ways, even directlycontrolled the real estate industrialization, local government increased power on thereal estate. Indigenous people continued to shrink and modern immigration cityformed.