Japan's Colonial Rule Of The "Green Flag" Newspaper Research

The period of Japanese colonial rule (1931-1945) is a special period in China’s history. At that time, Manchukoku’s government issued Mongolian organs including Qingqi newspaper. The initial issue and publishment of those organs reflect Japanese invaders’cultural aggression on the one hand and Mongolian progressives’endeavor for promoting national culture on the other hand. Because of limited material, researchers paid little attention to it. Till now, no systematic studies have been done on it. This study, taking Qingqi newspaper as research data, through multiple-methods such as journalism, document literature, literature study and historical approach, conducted a systematic and comprehensive research on Mongolian Qingqi newspaper in the period of Japanese colonial rule. The findings of this study not only demonstrated Japanese invaders’colonial policy and the crimes they committed, but also witnessed Mongolian progressives’endeavor to save Mongolian national culture from extinction. This is also the significance and qualification of my study.The thesis comprises four parts, namely, introduction, main body-conclusion and appendix. The introduction part presents the need of this study, the general research background, research methodology and research data as well as the social history background of eastern Mongolian area. The body part includes four chapters. Chapter1expounds the history of all the newspapers issued by Japanese in Chinese Mainland and the location of Mongolian Qingqi newspaper issued in Manchukoku’s time. Chapter2introduces the experience of the initial issue and publishment of Qingqi newspaper, the concept of starting Qingqi newspaper, its guiding principle, direction of public opinion, Enru Siagian, its publication and distribution and its editing staff, hence discloses the features of Mongolian Qingqi newspaper and its influence in the history of Mongolian journalism. Chapter3analyzes Qingqi newspaper’s main and deputy arguments adopted in the process of news propaganda. Through analyzing the Japanese and Mongolian bureaucrat’s congratulating on the first issue of Qingqi newspaper and other significant news reports, it clarifies clearly that advertising Japanese and Manchukoku’s government’s route, guiding principle and policy is its main argument. What’s more, it concludes from the special column that expression of Mongolian national consciousness is its deputy argument. Chapter4discusses the relationship between Qingqi newspaper and Mongolian literature. First of all, it narrates the importance of the full-length novel Historic Romance of Qing Dynasty, continued on the Qingqi newspaper. This novel was written by Yinzhannaxi, a modern Mongolian litterateur. Secondly, it depicts the works delivered on the Qingqi newspaper by some writers and progressives such as Saichunga, Eerduntaoketao, Hafenga and Gerilechaoketu in the history of modern Mongolian literature. When studying Mongolian literature on the Qingqi newspaper, it generalizes the characteristics of contemporary written literature by the Comparison with Ba Geriletu’s Various Works Collection. What’s more, it also deals with Mongolian folk literature on the Qingqi newspaper and conducts research on different genre such as folktale, joke, riddle and folk songs. The conclusion part, through summarizing the above analysis, points out the establishment of Qingqi newspaper office and the initial issue and publishment of Oingqi newspaper is undoubtedly one of the measures taken by Japanese invaders to strengthen propaganda in the ideological sphere such as press and publication to meet the demand of its colonial rule. Meanwhile, in the prevailing circumstances where Mongolian newspaper was infrequent, Qingqi newspaper provides an opportunity for patriotic Mongolian young people and progressives in cultural circles to publish articles, convey thoughts and appeal people to develop vigorously national cultural causes. As Qingqi newspaper is co-sponsored by government and people, its orientation of public opinions and fundamental principle of publicity is inevitably restrained from Manchukoku’s policies and guidelines. Nevertheless, the surroundings of running this newspaper are relatively loose and comfortable. Any manuscript that doesn’t run counter to Manchukoku’s policies and guidelines can be published. Under the circumstances, Mongolian people of all circles energetically submit their writing, including government officials, serviceman, teachers, students, literature enthusiast, overseas students, farmers and herdsmen. Most of the articles carry abundant sentiments of booming nation and its culture. The literature and art column in Qingqi newspaper objectively offers a nice place for Mongolian literature lover to make public their writing, which brings up a great number of writers in the history of Mongolian modern literature. In this way, the study of Qingqi newspaper is of high document literature value in understanding the authentic situation of Mongolian newspaper under Japanese colonial rule and the ideology of Mongolian people from all walks of life under the special historical social background.