On The Involution Of Governance Of Compulsory Education In Minority Areas

After completing the task of popularizing nine-year compulsory education in the ethnic areas, consolidation becomes into the new problem. Therefore, local government departments, schools, community groups and grassroots organizations put into a lot of manpower, material and energy to solve the problem of poor consolidation, but the students are still weary of studying, and drop out frequently, have poor academic performance, the educational governance faces the plight of "grow and no development, maintain and no breakthrough, efficient and no fair". Therefore, by formulating rules and regulations, allocating of educational resource, taking governance measures, jointing all forces, the activities of educational governance prepare to promote the development of education, but fall into the plight of involution. The involution of educational governance in minority areas hinders the realization of precedence development of education and the development of economic and society. But the existing research on education governance, theoretical studies more, practical research less, and the research related to the educational governance in minority areas much less. Therefore, this study employs the qualitative research method take the Menghai in Yunnan as the case study, penetrates the practice of their compulsory educational governance, shows the outward manifestation of involution of compulsory educational governance, explores the reasons of its formation, and proposes measures to solve the problem.Adhering to the"sociological imagination" in the design of the study, using the perspective of sociology to explore the compulsory educational governance, thinks that the involution of compulsory educational governance in minority areas are the working together result of structural factors and individual action factors, discuss the structural factors what hidden the back of compulsory educational governance in minority areas. In the discussion of the practice of educational governance, place the practice of educational governance under the background of social transformation in minority areas, pay attention to the influences from the social transformation under the background of modernization to the production, living, ideas, behavior and the means of governance.Begin with the practice of compulsory educational governance in the minority area, this study brought the problem of the involution of compulsory educational governance, showed the outward manifestation of involution of compulsory educational governance in the minority area, discussed the reasons of the formation of involution of compulsory educational governance, and put forward the suggestions to solve the problem. The study focuses on the following three questions:Firstly, by means of fieldwork, shows the outward manifestation of involution of compulsory educational governance in the minority area. Firstly, the network governance with multi-body participation and low efficiency of governance, the multiple governance body includes the local county government, township governments, village committees, education coordinators and temple. Secondly, the technical governance under the bureaucracy and the formalization of governance, takes the means of formulating the complex rules and regulations, precision digital governance.Thirdly, the administrative governance under the pressurized system and the goal displacement of governance, takes the means of target responsibility system, inspection, supervision and appraisal rewards and punishment. At the end, internal governance practices of school and the lack of autonomy, the school takes a variety of complex and sophisticated governance actions to conduct the educational governance, for example, take the steps of carrot and stick-"does everything possible to please come in","no accident" and "safety first", seek to support and joint governance. In the process of educational governance, the relevant actors of educational governance act the action strategy of obedience or resistance.Secondly, explores the reasons and the theoretical explanation of the formation of involution of compulsory educational governance. Social transformation and closed location are the background of the formation of involution of compulsory educational governance, cultural barriers are the internal root of the involution of compulsory educational governance, the will of the state of educational governance are the external source of the involution of compulsory educational governance, instrumental rationality is the value orientation of the involution of compulsory educational governance, the interaction negative effect of the policies in the process of compulsory educational governance, working together with the evolutionary change and the institutionalization of educational governance bring the compulsory educational governance into the plight of involution.Thirdly, the study put forward the strategy to solve the involution of educational governance is to the good educational governance, which is the rational use of power, balanced allocation of resources, participants act actively. The good governance will promote the implementation of educational policy successfully, optimize the allocation of educational resources, and accelerate the balanced development of education, increase the benefit of education. Openness, fitness, sustainability and publicity are the values of good governance. So the realization of good governance can take actions from the five aspects:firstly, according to the actual conditions,focusing on the integration and coordination governance tool, secondly, educational governance should respect the educational needs of the local community, thirdly, strengthen the interaction and contact between the local schools and society, fourthly, promote the professionalization of the educational governance body, fifthly, pay attention to emotional investment in the process of educational governance.This study has some practical and theoretical significance. Firstly, the study put forward the theoretical proposition of the involution of educational governance, which explain the nature and operation mechanism of educational governance in minority areas well in the period of social transformation, is beneficial to explore the nature and problem of the educational governance in the minority areas, to improve the means of educational governance, realize the strategy of priority to the development of education, promote the development of education and the progress of society. Secondly, by the qualitative research method, we can understand the running of the educational governance deeply; know the relevant actors’awareness and understanding of educational policy and educational reform, and listen to their opinions, improve the effectiveness of policy implementation. On the theoretical significance, the study analyzed the involution of educational governance through the perspective of sociology, and tried to analyze the problem by the dimension of "structural-action", not only enriched the research perspective of educational governance, but also enriched the content of sociology of education. At the same time, brought the educational governance to the research field of ethnic education, enriched the research of ethnic education too.The innovation of the study as follows:Firstly, the study put forward the proposition of the involution of educational governance, and brought the idea of "good governance" to the educational governance in minority area as the value orientation of educational governance. Secondly, the study adhering to the"sociological imagination", analyzed the educational governance in the minority area by the theory and method of sociology. Thirdly, in the discussion of the practice of educational governance, place the practice of educational governance under the background of social transformation in minority areas, pay attention to the influences from the social transformation to the educational governance.Because of the importance and the complexity of the educational governance in the minority area, it is very necessary to do the further study. So, based on the shortcoming of the study, the paper put forward the suggestions for the further study as follows:Firstly, this study lack of the study of the comparison among different county region, the conclusion of the study has some limitations, so the further study should make the comparison among different county region on the educational governance. Secondly, the study did not very well on the discussion of the historical experience of the educational governance, and the further study may make the literature review further, excavate the historical experience and lesson of educational governance. Thirdly, the study did more discussion on the practice of educational governance from the government department or agency and less from the individual actors of government officials, but the government officials are the main executives, their behavior style and strategy in the practice of educational governance are the direction of further study.