The Evolution Mechanism And Optimization Of Regional System About Man-land Relationship

In promoting the development of industrialization, urbanization, informatization,globalization, factors of the regional system of man-land relationship have undergonea sea change. Resources and environment is the carrier and foundation of humansocial and economic development, the rapid economic growth of the world and Chinacaused severe problems of resources and environment after World WarⅡ. Afterdecades of rapid growth in the world, especially since the latter half of the twentiethcentury, due to the one-sided pursuit of economic growth, paying a huge price ofenvironmental pollution and destruction, many global problems such as global climatechange, land degradation, severe desertification, serious water shortages, naturaldisasters, environmental pollution, migration of chemical substances, biodiversity lossand other issues presented to the public, and the impact of human activities on thegeographical environment gradually. In recent years, with the rapid advance ofgrowing population and urbanization, industrialization, the development of Chinaincreasingly constrained by resources and environment, and resources andenvironmental needs of the public closer to or exceeds the capacity of the region’sresources and support, as well as resources environmental carry capacity. Behind theresources environmental problems caused by high-speed economic development is thesharp deterioration of relationship between people and land, and the deeper is thedeterioration of the relationship between people and land on a philosophical level, andtherefore study the evolution and regulation of the relationship between people andland has important significance. As a big economic province, a large industrialprovince and populous province in China, social and economic development is in anew stage of industrial transformation, urbanization accelerating, marketizationperfecting and internationalization promoting, and Shandong province of China hassaid the microcosm is the typical scale of study regional man-land relationship.The paper takes man-land relationship and empirical research as the main line,combining literature review and field research, combining qualitative and quantitative,combining theoretical research with empirical research, combining comparative andinductive reasoning, combining the macro analysis and micro analysis of combiningresearch methods, and analyzes the regional system of man-land relationship ofShandong province about the time evolution of the process as well as Spatialpattern,which based on the comprehensive analysis of the regional system of man-land relationship evolution mechanism. This paper selects three kind of man-landsystem type, including fragile ecological type, both sea and land type, and resourceoriented type, and carries on analysis of the contradiction between people and landproblems along with quantitative judgment under the guidance of the basic theory ofman-land relationship regional system, and puts forward the regulation mechanism ofman land system of sustainable development, on this basis. Overall, formed thefollowing conclusions:(1) Study on the regional system of man-land relationship takes on thecharacteristics of multi scale study area, diverse research methods, multidisciplinarycross fusion, but systematic comprehensive research, basic research is the weak link.So strengthening the theory study of man-land relationship regional system and theempirical study are the important content and inevitable trend of research on therelationship between the people and land. Man-land relationship changing to theman-land system together with transformation of man-land relationship area system isthe deepening of relations theory and cognition of people and land, and it emphasizesthe holistic concept of man-land system, while systematic research methods can beintroduced into the study, which provide a basis for the integrated system of man-landrelationship, simulating man-land relationship trend in the different developmentpattern and policies of resources and environmental effects as well as responsemeasures and so on.(2) The evolution of man-land relationship interaction curves accord with theLogistic model. In the condition of prevent factor s(0<s<r) and action coefficientδ（0<δ <1）as well as the maximum carrying capacity K, human activity intensitybetween K/t r s to K/is to maintain a coordinated relationship betweenthe people and land condition. Resource and environment factors become more andmore restrictive factors in economic growth, based on the Solow growth mode,deriving economic growth of resources and environment tail effect.(3) Regional background conditions, human activity structure, demand structure,regional relations, regional development, regional governance conditions are theseven major factors that influence the evolution of man land relationship regionalsystem, while disturbing force, pulling force, driving force (short time scale) andforces in the earth and the earth force (in long time scale) is the main force ofevolution of man-land relationship regional system. Factor advantage superpositionmechanism, ecological and cultural transmission mechanism, ecological balance elastic mechanism, environmental and resource restriction mechanism is the mainmechanism of “people” and “land”. Input and output are the basic bidirectionalprocess of man-land system, and man-land system is coordinated, stagnant, interruptor even regressive under the action of different additional output gradient.(4) In the period of1949–present, the man-land relationship of Shandongprovince can be divided into relative coordination stage (1949-1978), prominentcontradictions stage (1979-2002), gradually coordinated stage (2003-present).Shandong province man-land system overall sustainability is part of economic factors,social factors and elements of ecological environment status gradually improved, butthe constraint effects of resources and environment are still strong, while continue tohighlight the good quality of ecological environment of supply and demandcontradiction become an important factor restricting the coordination of man-landrelationship.(5) This paper makes a quantitative measure of a coupling model of Shandongprovince1991-2012intensity of human activities and environmental resource leveland the response of the intensity of human activities to environmental and resourcelevel. Human activity intensity index of Shandong province during1991-2012increased from0.410to0.819, showing a gradual upward trend, while resources andenvironment level decreased from0.736to0.537, showing a decreased trend,meanwhile their coupling degree above0.959, at the high level coordination degree ofcoupling, by the good coordination to coordination evolution. Resources andenvironment level has corresponding and continuity of human activity intensityresponse, and always showed a negative response. But the stress amplitude wasreduced year by year. Regression analysis showed that the degree of marketizationand the regional development efficiency are the main factors causing decreasedresponse.(6) According to the classification results from the combined type, from the viewof the local spatial pattern of man-land relationship regional system, Weihai, Qingdaois a high level of coordination, Zaozhuang, Binzhou, Weifang and Tai’an belonged tothe middle level coordination type, Rizhao, Linyi, Dongying, Yantai and Dezhoubelong to the low level of coordination, Zibo, Laiwu and Jining are not coordinated,Liaocheng and Heze were reluctant coordination. From the view of the county-levelcity spatial pattern of man-land relationship regional system, coordination type of LuDong, Lu and Lubei area is relatively good, but coordination type of Lunan, Luxi area especially Heze and Linyi area is relatively poor, and there is a big difference betweentypes of regional coordination.(7) Study on selection of fragile ecological type, both sea and land type, andresource oriented type. Sensitivity and vulnerability of the ecological environment,freshwater resources be congenitally deficient, worrying situation of environmentalpollution are the main contradiction of the Yellow River delta efficient ecologicaleconomic area, and there developed more excessive in the central region and the westwing area, while the east wing area and the central part of the county urban district’sman-land relationship relative coordination. The fishery production in the structuraland deep-seated is paradoxical, marine industry structure is not reasonable, freshwater resources shortage is the main contradiction between people and land in theShandong Peninsula Blue Economic Zone, and sustainability of man-land relationshipis changing from the general sustainable to the strong sustainability. The extensivemode of economic development, unreasonable industrial structure and watershedenvironmental problems is the main contradiction of people and land in the west upliftbelt; man-land system of Zaozhuang City vulnerability between0.208-0.377, belongsto the level of vulnerability low strength.(8) In the perspective of time and space, man-land relationship research goal is tocoordinate the man-land relationship, and promote the continuous optimization ofman-land relationship regional system, the realization of regional sustainabledevelopment. From the "people" productivity, demand force and control force as wellas the "land" capacity, buffer capacity and resilience perspective, constructs theoverall regulation thinking of regional system of man land relationship, and on thisbasis construct the regional coordination mechanism of man-land system control. Theauthor puts forward the optimization countermeasure about optimized between"people" and "land" interaction and interaction strength, strengthen the ecologicalsafety regulation, optimize the spatial structure of interaction between "people" and"land".In the content arrangement, this paper is divided into8parts:(1) Part One: Introduction. It describes the research background of international,domestic and Shandong province, and its research significance, the research content,the technical route, research methods and innovations.(2) Part Two: Study and practice in home and abroad. Combing, summarizingboth researches on the relationship between the characteristics and deficiencies at home and abroad, it summarizes the future research trends of man land relationship.(3) Part Three: The basic theory and basic concepts. It analyses the related theoryof man-land relationship, combing and judging the related theory about man-landrelationship, man-land system, the regional system of man-land relationship.(4) Part Four: The evolution mechanism of regional system of man-landrelationship. It expounds the state of the evolution of man land relationship, inferringthe influence model of "people" to "land", and the constraint model of “land” to“people”, while it analyses the influencing factors and characteristics about theevolution of man-land relationship, constructing the overall framework of theevolution mechanism of man land relationship.(5) Part Five: Empirical study on the evolution of regional system of man landrelationship in Shandong province. It divides the stage of man-land relationshipevolution in Shandong province, comprehensive evaluation of Shandong provinceman land relationship sustainability, and analyses the evolution process and spatialpattern of man-land relationship in Shandong province.(6) Part Six: Discussion on the typical regional system of man-land relationshipof the contradiction between people and land. It discriminates the principalcontradiction of the man-land relationship in efficient ecological economic zone of theYellow River Delta, Shandong Peninsula Blue Economic Zone and the west uplift belt,and by mathematical methods, makes comprehensive evaluation about within the areaof the man-land relationship sustainability.(7) Part Seven: Optimizing the path of man-land relationship regional system. Itconstructs the whole idea of optimized control of man-land relationship regionalsystem, and puts forward to the optimizational path of man-land relationship, from the"people" and "land" interaction pattern and intensity,"land" ecological carryingcapacity of the environment and spatial structure and system security etc.(8) Part Eight: Conclusion and prospect. Through the comprehensive review andlogic generalization of this paper, the author refines and summarizes the basicconclusion, and studies on the trend in the future.