A Study On YangDu’s Political Thought

The political thought in Baidu Encyclopida explanation is "General social members form in the political thinking of views, ideas and insights. It is a consciousness and system reflection for people to various political activities, social political phenomenon, hidden in the various political relationship and contradiction. It is a form of political culture". To analysis YangDu’s political thought, we can not be separated from his political activities and social practice. In the political arena of late Qing Dynasty, YangDu was a more active political figure. Both the revolutionaries and constitutionalists, they all tried to recruit YangDu. Despite the political identity, he was a good poetry and intellectual. Through his own hard work, he became a constitutional expert in the transformation process from traditional gentleman to modern intellectual. His thought was mostly from his solving the problem of social reality and finding the answers. Similarly, the time’s change also promoted his thought to change and development. Although he had been failures, he still held the pulse of development of age trend. As a scholar type character, from the "imperial culprit" to a loyal warrior of Communist Party of China, like a miniature. This reflected the background that it was very difficult for advanced Chinese to explor the saving path of truth.YangDu’s political thought contained the variable factor and constant factor. The variable factor refered that his thought had different content in different periods. As a yang man, he was a country gentleman. He advocated the emperor theory. And his life philosophy was "used to rule the world, the poor are spared". When he first studied in Japan, he accepted the bourgeois revolutionarie’s political theory, and he personally participate the early anti-manchu revolutionary activities. Then he turned to the study buorgeois constitutional theory. He looked forward to building China into a constitutional monarchy country. When his constitutional monarchy dream was fail after HongXian monarchy, he bent to study the Buddhism theory. However, the literati’s wild and intractable with profound Confucian foundation, political practice and Western learning, he didn’t decide to be a devout Buddhist. He always used his own understanding and experience to explain Buddhist scripture. He created a "No I Method", he create a transformation road of Buddhism. His future ideal society was closely connected with this transformation road of Buddhism. He vividly described the social condition of the future word by Buddism language. In the future word, the main society form were freedom, equality, public ownership and distribution. This cognition let him find common ground with Marx doctrine thought. YangDu chose the Communist political belief and determined the direction of his life. So Buddhism was actually the theoretical tool of his seeking salvation road. It is one of the important contents of his political thought. Constitutional monarch system was his failure of salvation practice. But we can not deny that he had salvation spirit and courage. Even his biggest political rival CaiE had told his excuse. Just before his death, he expected that the Republic of China’government cherished talents and tolerant YangDu.Besides the political thought of change, the invarious factor was reasonable kernel of YangDu’s political belief. The kernel run through his whole life. That was the relevant concept under utilitarian thingking. Whether "Golden and Iron thought", constitution monarch system or onryshing the new democratic revolution. The concept was his consistent political pursuit. His political pursuit also established his historical position in Chinese history of political thought. From the Spring and Autumn War States period, the debate between kingcraft and domineering continued two thousand years. YangDu’s concept finished this debate. In fact, he became a debating terminator to complete the theoretical construction of the two theories’ confluence. YangDu was effected by the utilitarianism of HuXiang culture, he also consciously inherited Zhiyong spirit. To explore the truth of saving country, he could detour from wrong place to right place. His personality and thought embodied the Zhiyong spirit. Because of the reasonable kernel, YangDu’s political thought became intertwining. He did not stop the pace of exploration of truth.Besides the variable factor and constant factor, We could not deny YangDu’s keen mind eye of treating problems. He can draw the extraordinary recognition results. During the early period of his first study in Japan. Yangdu was aware that we should not go to extreme in western culture. We didn’t think everything of western advanced culture was fine, and we didn’t deny our own national culture’quality. He studied the emperor thought from WangKaiYun and combined this traditional culture with his constitutional theory. He extended the theory of discipline. His constitutional thought was different from KangYouWei and LiangQiChao. He had an independent theory. It is a prominent place that YangDu did not oppose the use of force to construct a constitutional monarchy country. We could also understand that he could accept Marx’s violent revolution theory in the future. YangDu regarded the national question as the starting point of his constitutional monarchy theory. He also pointed that the Mongolia question was a matter of national security. It was on a very prominent position. From the legal and academic negation, he was for abolishing LiKin tax. He designed a popular tax, which connected the abolishing LiKin question with the local autonomy movement together.YangDu became a member of the gentry for taking part in the imperial exam. He had the experience of studying in Japan. He not only received bourgeois revolution, but also took part in the political practice of constitutional monarchy. He particpeted in the early activity of revolutionary, and could also get official in Qing government. He could help YuanShiKai finish monarchy activity, and also help SunZhongShan’s government out of trouble situation. He was a founder of "No I Method", also was a Marx’s staunchest supporter. His friend came from different political factions. They effected each other. YangDu’s political content was rich and colorful, involve legal, ethical,railway,Buddhism,LiKin and so on. So analysing YangDu’s political thought, we could know better the situation of the late Qing Dynasty and cognitive "why advanced Chinese will eventually choose the Marx doctrin". We can know better the historical inevitability that only Chinese Communist Party can save China.