Research On Britain Political Transformation From 1640 To 1688

The political transformation of Britain began with the outbreak of the bourgeois revolution in 1640 and basically ended with the "Glorious Revolution" in 1688,after which the basic democratic system was established and lasted nearly 50 years.Different from the political transformation of France and other countries in modern times,in Britain it is not only of pioneering historical significance,but also of more successful significance,which is worthy of studying.Therefore,this paper will make a special discussion on it.The thesis mainly expands from the following four aspects.Firstly,the author summarizes the historical background of the British political transformation from 1640 to 1688.The international background mainly is: the prevalence of colonial expansion,the struggle for maritime power,and the effects of the Dutch Revolution.The domestic background is: the rise of the Renaissance,the influence of the reformation,the development of capitalism,the deeply rooted political tradition,and the disagreement between the king and the parliament.Secondly,the author sorts out the process and characteristics of the British political transformation from 1640 to 1688.The historical process of transformation mainly includes four stages :(1)the transformation from autocratic monarchy to parliamentary republic(1640-1649);(2)the transition from a parliamentary republic to an authoritarian regime(1649-1653);(3)the transformation of an authoritarian regime into a restored monarchy(1653-1685);(4)the transformation from absolutist monarchy to parliamentary monarchy(1685-1688).The main characteristics of its political transformation are: liberalism and conservatism are dominant;the system is democratized;the transformation is progressive,reconcilable and relatively peaceful;historically,the transition is both revolutionary and conservative.Thirdly,the author analyzes the main achievements and problems of the British political transformation from 1640 to 1688.Its main achievements are: it spreads the idea of liberal democracy,and establishes a basic democratic system;its transition process is relatively peaceful and stable with low cost.Its main problems are as follows: the idea of feudal autocratic still has influence;the democracy system has its limits;the revolution is incomplete and conservative.Fourthly,the author explores the enlightenment of the British political transformation from 1640 to 1688.It mainly includes: we must eliminate the influence of feudal autocratic idea and spread the idea of freedom and democracy;we must overthrow the feudal autocratic system and establish the modern democratic system;all forces must learn to compromise and tolerate each other,and to follow the path of gradual and peaceful transition as much as possible.