An Analysis Of American Women’s Employment From The WWⅡto1980s

Usually, the WWII is considered as the watershed of American women’s employment.This period of time is the perfect occasion for women’s working. Especially after the war,the society is in the condition of peace, the time being advancing, the technology beingdeveloping, the economy being prosperous. Under such backgrounds, the study onwomen’s employment can reflect their living reality and make the public impressive onwomen’s living status. When contrasting the characteristics of women’s employment whichare different from the previous ones, the historical changes of American women’semployment will be clearly presented to readers.The dissertation concerns about American women’s employment from the WWII to1980s in order that the history of American women’s employment can be observed.The first chapter describes chronologically the dynamite development of Americanwomen labors’ employment from the beginning of early twentieth century to1980s,summarizing American women’s employment characteristics and women’s status beforethe WWII. The statement on women’s employment during the WWII lays the basis for theelaboration of the states of women’s employment after the WWII. Then, the variousemploying features of American women can be concluded. Thus, the panoramicunderstanding of American women’s employment can be offered to readers.The second chapter generalizes American women’s employment characteristics andsignificance after WWII, holding the views that the participating rate women’semployment keeping increasing, female labors assemble in certain professions; the scopeof their employment has been widened with so many female labor employed in theworking fields which once discriminated against them; middle-aged women become themain part female labors; especially married women participate in the work force inunprecedented numbers; women’s working decision can be alternative with variousworking time choices; the possibility of equal pay for equal work gradually becomesrealistic. All in all, the prospect of women’s employment is becoming much better.Therefore, the social effects of women’s employment should be attached great importance.Women’s employment advances the economic development, improving family’s livingstandard, bettering women’s living surroundings, formulating the independence conceptionof children and altering the social morals, perfecting women’s physical conditions. In aword, women’s employment is beneficial to the society’s prosperous development.The third chapter analyzes the reasons why some changes of American women’semployment occur. The economic stimulation is still the main one; the internal need to realize career ambition is strengthened among female labors; the decrease of birth ratecreates the conditions for women to escape from housework; the relation of supply anddemand in the economic market boosts women to enter the employment market; thechanges of family relations, marriage notions and family functions are the ones to drivewomen into the work force; the social affairs and ideological trend, especially theemancipating ideas of feminism accelerate the rate of women’s employment; thehousework relieves the housewives pressure; the improvement of educational levels makeit feasible for women to find proper employment chances; the support of governmentpolicies assist women’s employment; the inferior employment situation makes womenquite competitive in employing activities.The fourth chapter exposes the existing problems of American women’s employment.The problems are: the sex discrimination still exists; women labors’ wages are lower; themarital discrimination can also not be denied; less promotion opportunities make themhopeless in their career; the segregation in working field makes women treated unfairly;the dual stresses from “traditional female temperament” and “working women’stemperament” weaken women’s potential for their employment; the disadvantages ineducation limit women in humble positions; women of minority nationality must bearracial and sex discrimination; the sex harassment in the job makes women fearful andretreated from the professional aspiration; the public consensus against working womenmaintains and especially the male labors from the labor organizations elbow out women’sregistration; women’s understanding to their own value should be deepened; the dualoppositions of families and employment, the deteriorated health condition, the insufficientgovernment policies, the substituting roles women in employment and the impoverishmentof working women, etc.. These issues have been depicted in details in this chapter.The conclusion is that American women’s employment has been improved to some extentsince WWII, but many problems obstacle women to be an equal sex to compete with menin social survival. The society and the entrepreneur should make relevant policies to makewomen’s wishes to own both successful career and happy family come true. Both womenand men should have the right to enjoy parental leaves, the satisfying leave system willallow child care not to be merely the working mothers responsibility. In addition, theflexible working time is advantageous to family’s steadiness, household income and theoptimizing of human resources. High qualified and sufficient Child-Care System wouldguarantee women’s success into entering the labor force. The solution to women’semployment should be profound and fundamental. The ideology of the whole society andeven the world should be totally changed.