On Sports Geography In Southwest China In The Han Dynasty

The exploration on sports geography of Southwest China in the Han Dynasty belongs to a regional cohort study from the perspective of geographical space, in which the regularity of its formation and evolution has been analyzed. The present days are seeing the study on sports history caught in the bottleneck. The study on sports in Southwest China in the Han Dynasty by means of history geography is blank in particular. The dissertation, thus, is of significance in exploring the approaches to the history of sports geography. The author thereby has discussed the spatial distribution, characteristics, regional differences and influencing factors of the sports in Southwest China in the Han Dynasty, as well as its physical function in the regional culture system and other related issues on the basis of the archaeological data, together with literature, with the concept of "to the best of all time and space".This article, besides the section of introduction, consists of five sections, of which the main content is as follows:The first chapter is titled as Background of History Geography and Establishment of Sports of the Southwest China in the Han Dynasty. First, the natural environment not only decides cultural forms of sports in the region, and also effects to the Han sports culture spread to Southwest China. The biggest characteristic about the social environment lies in the fact that it was in a transition. Politically, the sports pattern is formed, with the Chinese sports culture as the main body, minority national sports as complementary parts, for the county soil is increased, and the unified empire is formed. It lays the foundation for sports development that the economic development is enhanced. At the same time, the level of sports development also reflected the degree of economic development; in military, the developed military sports are promoted, with the martial spirit carried forward, for the strategic position, increasing wars. The sports culture is characterized by the conflict and integration between the Han sports culture and the ethnic sports culture. Overall, the sports culture of the Han Empire is in a dominant position, all the ethnic groups sports in Southwest China tend to be united by the Han sports culture. The multi-national distribution in the Southwest China abounds the sports culture, and makes it unique. The population distribution pattern that the persons decrease by the turn from the north to the south determines that the Bashu sports culture is the most developed, the Dianqian sports culture is relatively backward. Second, the author thinks that the Han Dynasty is basic formation period of our country ancient sports. The Han sports has been showing regional differentiation phenomenon. The sports in Southwest China of the Han Dynasty can be divided into three parts: military sports, entertainment sports, sports of keeping good health, each part has different categories and forms. Third, the author thinks that sports culture factors determine the division of the sports culture area. The factors are sports categories, natural environment, administrative districts, etc. The sports culture area, which has hierarchical structure, can be divided into three subregions, such as the Bashu culture area and so on. Each subregion sports and the characteristics are not identical. The Bashu civilization origins early, close to the political, economic and cultural center. So it is united earlier by the Han culture. The social transformation was finished during the Warring States period, the Qin and Han dynasties, in which the economic achievement was high. Then Bashu was a base to promote the important task of the development process in the Dianqian region. So the sports is the most abundant, the most widely and densely distributed, and Chengdu and the surrounding regions can be regarded as core in the Southwest sports culture area, with a strong radiation effect to the western Sichuan and Dianqian region sports culture. The natural environment in the Eastern Dian and Qian region is superior, the civilization originated earlier, but relatively closed. The sports culture is relatively rich, with rich native color. The distribution of sports culture is conducted with point and block, mainly concentrated in the closing and river valley. The Western Sichuan is the edge of the Huaxia culture. The western Yunnan area is also the area in the conflict between the farming civilization and nomadic civilization. The economy is relatively backward, so the sports culture project is relatively single, military sports is developed. The sports culture is dot distributed, mainly concentrated in the strategic position.The second chapter is titled The Regional Distribution and Characteristics of Martial Arts and Keeping Health Sports in Southwest China in the Han Dynasty. First, the author thinks that the Bashu area is the martial arts culture developed area where there are many projects, wide distribution, high degree of the Han culture, especially weightlifting, jousting, fencing and beast beating are widely distributed and developed. Immigration is important to the martial arts in Bashu Region. The warrior fashion in the Bashu area and the social environment are closely linked. The weapon skills are developed, more native, cultural exchange being frequent in the Dian and Qian. Overall, the weapon skills in the Dian and Qian are behind the Bashu area. The people are good at using short weapon, especially archery. All this is because of the geography environment. Except the sports culture, the development is reflected in the iron weapons. Second, the diet, clothing, living place in the Southwest are obvious different, but it is the best in the Bashu Region. The Bashu area is the originated place of Taoism in China. The keeping health skills which has the important status in the history of Chinese is very developed, with heavy Sendoh color, reflects the pursuit of the Bashu national health, because of the Taoist culture and the environment.The third chapter is titled The Regional Distribution and Characteristics of Archery, Horsemanship and Chariots Skills in Southwest China in the Han Dynasty. First, the author thinks that the archery activities in the Bashu area have stronger cultural connotation. Shoot learning activities permeate a "jet ethical" culture. The shoot of birds and monkeys means the promotion of careers, longevity, riches and honor. Bashu unique natural social environment decided to the region culture developed crossbow. The fashion of strong warrior is showed by the powerful archer. Horsemanship and chariots skills are often appeared in the hierarchical chariots and horses travel, which explains that the culture in the Bashu area is more developed, reflecting the depth of influence that Chinese culture as the core of the "ethical" to the Bashu area. The ride of Hu persons shows that the Bashu region cultural exchanges frequently. But the horse riding full of sendoh color embodies the Bashu people romantic pursuit of freedom. Complex terrain and large teams, various forms of motor marked the development and economic achievement of the Bashu. The archery activities in the eastern Dian and Qian originated early, being used for hunting and military struggle. The wrestling, horse racing and riding, even the female riders appeared in the region. While the ruby and travel by the chariots and horses appeared in the region that reflecting the influence of the Han culture. The riding and archery culture in the western Dian and western Sichuan region is developed, because of the nomadic way of production. Second, the author holds that the hunting activities are closely related to the development in Southwest China, which brings forest decrease and frequent hunting. The running is often seen in the image of serving officials of "wubai", which manifests the economic in the Bashu area is more developed. The diversity of hunting form, especially developed around Hunting appeared in the eastern Dianqian region. Running is appeared in the hunting of daily production and life. The hunting activities are frequently in the western Sichuan and Dian region.The fourth chapter is titled The Regional Distribution and Characteristics of the Recreational Sports in Southwest China in the Han dynasty. First, the water sports in Southwest China are very much developed. The dragon boat game is carried out earlier. There are many good swimming and high boating skills, which are used in military. The swimming skill of the Ba persons is more outstanding. Fishing activities appear widely and widely, which contain the wind of the hermits in the Han dynasty. Chess movement mainly concentrated in the Bashu area, which the main form is "liu bo", which having strong sendoh. Water sports in eastern Dianqian area is abound. The dragon boat race prevailed. The sports of Moqiu, elephant bucket and snakes playing are popular and distinctive. The ball games and other sports appeared earlier in the western Sichuan and Dian. Second, the acrobatics activity in Southwest China is more developed, which has more technology diversity and adventure. The Ba people of is more famous for their "Bayu" dance. The pyramid, walking on stilts, edge rod and other acrobatics activity, the circle dance, Nuo dance, shield dance and other dance are popular in the eastern Dian and Qian region. The Nuo dance, pills playing and other activities appeared in the western Sichuan and Dian. Overall the Bashu region economic development level is higher, and the Han culture is more developed. The water sports, dance, acrobatics activity and other entertainment sports are more developed.Chapter V is titled Awareness of Characteristics and the Function in the Southwest sports area during the Han Dynasty. The sports characteristics of unity and pluralism. closed and open, hsiao and warrior, the original and development, and so on is discussed. Think the sports culture is still one yuan, lack of competition personality of body and mind because of the influence of the social transformation and a unified empire. The mode of production is diverse form. These are various types of sports because of the ethnic composition. The seal of the geographical environment and the development of transportation, migration activity, make the closed and open characteristics of the sports. The martial wind prevails because of the military situation. The hsiao physical culture prevails because of the influence the Chinese culture. The open and closed sports culture prevails because of the backward productivity and geographical environment. The sports is primitiveness because of the backward productivity, but the sports culture is developed as a result of social transformation and economic development, the spread of Chinese sports culture. Second, the entertainment sports developed, martial wind prevails in the Bashu area, for the social transformation, early localization, developed economy and frequent cultural exchanges. The talent pattern of "the general of Ba and the prime minister of Shu" has many influence factors. In the eastern Dian and Qian, the entertainment sports and military sports is relatively developed because of the superior natural conditions. The color of the native sports is thick. In the western of the Sichuan and the Dian area, the sports type is single, the military sports is developed. Third, factors which affect the regional characteristics are natural environment, social transformation, military activities, transit trade, immigration, religion and so on. Natural environment is the foundation of regional differentiation, social transformation and migration, etc., are also important. Fourth, the sports in the Southwest during the Han Dynasty among the regional culture system has social function, transfer function, education function, fitness entertainment function and so on. The sports plays an important role in strengthening the national identity, promoting national unity, enhance cultural self-confidence.Innovation is advocated in the academic research. The author makes an exploration in the following several aspects. First, the sports geography phenomenon in the Southwest during the Han dynasty is discussed by use of multidisciplinary approach for the first time. Second, the proposition of "the sports geography in the Southwest during the Han Dynasty" is proposed for the first time, which is helpful to the construction of arts culture geography, to the construction of sports subject. Third, based on the natural environment, the sports phenomenon is studied among the background of social transformation and economic development,conflict between the Han sports culture and the ethnic sports culture so as to comprehensively and objectively summarized the Southwest sports culture development rule, aiming at servicing the national sports culture inheritance, providing the reference for the southwest culture construction.