The Study On Frontier Policy And Border Official Of The Southwest In Tang Dynasty

The southwest region of the Tang Dynasty,centered on JiannanArea,which is an indispensable part of the development and evolution of ancient Chinese territory.The southwest border government and border officials of the Tang Dynasty belonged to the important contents of the research field of Chinese border historical areas,and the important object of the study of China's frontier society.On the basis of predecessors,this paper systematic and deeply analyzes the administrative history of the southwest region,which is centered on Jiannan Area as the center of the Tang Dynasty,andpolitical practice,the selection and appointment of important border officials in different periods and their roles in Tang Dynasty border management system and border management by the way of the systematic drainage and mining of historical data and exploring new perspectives.The border in Tang Dynasty southwest roughly shows the four distinct stages of characteristics.The positive operation of the Tang Dynasty towards the southwest region during the period of the Tang Dynasty was mainly:Tang emperor succeeded in bringing Bashu and Yunnan into the ruling territory of the Li Tang dynasty by the way of the strong management of institutions and a large number of "due to vulgar" Jimi state to consolidate the rule in the southwest region;In Zhenguan period,Tang Taizong began to implement Civil Administration to strengthen the governance and development of the southwest region.The great adjustment of the rule in Yong Hui to Tianbao Tang Dynasty on the southwestmainly as follows:to curb the Tibetan eastward expansion,to active defense and counterattack of the intrusion of Tibet;to set Jiannan Jiedushi to adjust the southwest border systemin order to compete with the Tibetan Sea Erhai.In addition to reconstruct Yaozhou Dudu Fu,also to support Nanzhao to unified Erhai;Late in Tianbao,to contain Nanzhao East extension,cling to superstition to force,resulting in Nanzhao sentencing Tubo.During the period of the period,the tang dynasty made great efforts to maintain the southwest rule.in order to prevent Jiannan Area from becoming the Heshuo-style military town,split it in two;In order to prevent the distribution of the taxation between the central government,implement the policy of "two taxes three points";In order to maintain the unity of the surface,Dai and De were forced to the town of "tolerance to accommodate";Dezong Chao,as Wei Gao Zhen Shu in twenty years,he vigorously developed the southwest traffic and social economy,Consolidating the reign of the tang dynasty in the southwest,it basically lifted the huge threat of tubo to the western border of the tang dynasty.After to suppress the chaos of Liu,Xian Zong reformed and increased the provincial military power through the "two tax three points ",weakened the economic base of the military and military strength;after the battle of Dahe,Li Deyu planed for frontier,so that the southwest region winned nearly three decades of stability.Fourth,after Xiantong,the southwest rule of the Tang Dynasty declined,mainly as follows:Tangzhao relations ruptured,four aggression to sichuan by Nanzhao;Gao pian,through the construction of the city of luocheng in chengdu and the reconstruction of the southwest border defense system,completely cut off the idea that nanzhao once again violated xichuan.The internal contradictions intensified in the southwest,and Qianneng and Han xiusheng broke out.In the chaos of sanchuan,Wang Jianchengwas the biggest beneficiaries;Wang annexed dongchuan and south west Area,and in 907 AD ceded to the emperor,and the reign of the tang dynasty in the southwest ended.There were four distinct stages appeared in the selection and appointment of the southwest frontier officials in the Tang dynasty.During the period of Wude zhenguan,Tang gaozu paid special attention to the military talents and loyalty of the southwest officials in order to strengthen military control in the southwest region.During the period of Zhenguan,Tang taizong attached great importance to the governance talents and virtues of the officials,and formulated a relatively complete system of appointments.The permanent emblem to Tianbao period:Wu Zetian selected a large number of talents through the perfection and development of the imperial examination system in order to change the composition of the bureaucracy to consolidate his rule.During the Kaiyuan period,Tang xuanzong selected a large number of officials from the southwest of the town in order to rectify the southwest bureaucracy.In the later period of Tianbao,Yang guozong was in power and lead the southwest,and a large number of "greedy" of Yang people controlled the southwest political bureau.During the period of the period from De to Dazhong dynasty:Su,Dai,and De,in order to strengthen the military control in the southwest region,the three dynasties adopted a large number of armed forces to serve in the southwest,which was abandoned in the course of the course and lost its due effect.In order to end the dictatorship of the south west army,Tang xizong selected a large number of civilian officials to enter the southwest and promotes the "migration strategy".In order to solve the financial difficulties,the government attached great importance to the"finance" ability of officials.The examination system was becoming more and more reactionary,the "tax money long number","the recruitment of the early period","the number of theft" had become the main criteria of the assessment officials.After the Xian tong:the eunuchs infiltrated the southwest and controlled the selection of the southwest side of the xizong.After Wang jian occupiedSichuan,the tang dynasty completely lost the choice of southwest officials.As the executor of the southwest control policy in the Tang dynasty,many people played an important role in the establishment and consolidation of the southwest ruling order in the tang dynasty.They were the links between southwest and Tang dynasty,the relationship between the different racesand the trail blazers in the southwest frontier of the tang dynasty,the construction and consolidation of the southwest border,and the mainland advanced production technology and culture in the southwest of communicators.However,there were also many collectors,they disregard the interests of the state,ignored the people's living or dead,they had violent behavior and corruption,and even deliberately provoked war for greed and power,caused serious damage to the tang dynasty in the southwest of governance results.Through the study of the relations between border strategy and frontier officials in the southwest of the Tang dynasty,it can be found that a good operation mechanism must be established in order to ensure benign interaction between the border strategy and frontier officials,which should have at least three distinctive features,namely sound system,adaptation to local conditions and continuous innovation.The Paper tries to show the inheritance and creativity and historical limitations in the tang dynasty in ancient China governance practices,and features and the reasons in the tang dynasty southwest collectors selection and appointment in different periods,and clearly showthe specific role of frontier in the tang dynasty border management system and governance by the southwest collectors.At the same time,in the hope that through the analyzes position and function of the southwest region of the tang dynasty in the whole historical process,reveals the relationship between the development of the southwest andthe trajectory of the tang dynasty throughout the history,and its important status and role in forming in ancient Chinese territory and constructing the unified multinational country.