Identification,Evaluation And Genetic Diversity Of Vitis Adenoclada Hand.-Mazz

Vitis adenoclada Hand.-Mazz is a special wild grape resource which distributes in Hunan and other provinces of the southern area of Yangtze River. In the paper is an attempt to study the biological characteristics, cutting rooting capability, graft compatibility, photosynthetic characteristics, resistance to Sphaceloma ampelinum and Plasmopara viticola of V. adenoclada Hand.-Mazz collections in Hunan Agricultural University and from Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences. Meanwhile, genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationship were analyzed by EST-SSR method. The main results are as below:1. V. adenoclada Hand.-Mazz divided into three types including hermaphrodite flower, female flower and male flower types. The common character was their glandular trichomes on twigs. However, the obvious difference in morphology among the three types was not observed. In a word, the three types differ in flower organ and fruiting ability.2. The phenological phases of three types of V. adenoclada Hand.-Mazz were basically consistent, budding at mid-April, blossoming at early and mid-June, ripening at late-September, defoliating at mid-November to early-December in Changsha, Hunan province.3. The hard wood cutting survival ratio of V. adenoclada Hand.-Mazz, reaching to the highest with8-10mm diameter, was much higher than that of V. pseudoreticulata W.T.Wang but lower than that of Kyoho(V. vinifera, about95%). The influence of V. adenoclada Hand.-Mazz as rootstock of scion cultivars was investigated as well. Results showed that the survival rate of Ruby Seedless, Red Globe, Manicure Finger and Yatomi Rosa grafted on V. adenoclada Hand.-Mazz were40%-70%, apparently lower than that grafted on5BB, Beta, and NO.8Huajia rootstocks, so as the twig formation rate, fruit branch rate and scion leaf area. However the disease resistance of scion cultivars grafted on V. adenoclada Hand.-Mazz was obviously stronger than that grafted on5BB, Beta, and NO.8Huajia rootstocks. 4. The photosynthetic capacity of V.adenoclada Hand.-Mazz was weaker than that of V. quinquangularis under the same intensity of the photosynthetic active radiation. No typical midday depression of photosynthesis is there in leaves of V.adenoclada Hand.-Mazz, with light saturation points of1500μmol·m-2·s-1, light compensation points of90μmol·m-2·s-1, high intercellular CO2concentration and better CO2utilization capacity under lower CO2concentration.5. It was observed that V.adenoclona Hand.-Mazz has a stronger resistance to Sphaceloma ampelinum and Plasmopara viticola. The soluble protein and the soluble sugar content in the leaves dropped gradually but the superoxide dismutase enzyme activity escalated, along with the developing of Plasmopara viticola. On the other hand, the soluble sugar content in the leaves increased and the activities of superoxide dismutase enzyme and peroxide enzyme increased first and then decreased, following the developing of Sphaceloma ampelinum.6. The diversity of morphological traits among19grape resources was observed using phylogenetic cluster analysis of8leaf traits, differing greatly in genetic distance of species from0.0705to2.3762.7. An effective and reproductive PCR reaction system for detecting V.adenoclona Hand.-Mazz EST-SSR was established.8pairs of informative polymorphism primers were selected from the group consisting of16pairs of EST-SSR primers using V.adenoclona Hand.-Mazz-1, Bate, Hutai no.8and Victoria as test materials.8pairs of informative polymorphism primers produced49DNA bands, of which37DNA bands were polymorphic,75.5%of the total DNA bands.8. Total23related grape materials were analyzed by EST-SSR method. The phylogenetic clustering analysis showed that0.8for critical value,23samples can be divided into eight clusters and the genetic coefficient between V. adenoclada and V. quinquangularis was0.9556, suggesting a relatively close genetic relationship between the two species.