Study On Theories And Methods Of Urban Space Adapt To Disaster In Southwest Mountainous Cities

Since human lived in a compact community, they have learned to take theadvantages of space to carry on the practice of avoiding, preventing and even fightingagainst the disasters. However, with the development of the city, the division of work inresearch begins to be refined and the research on urban disaster prevention andreduction begins to get deep into the detailed study on each kind of disaster, but theresearch on urban disaster prevention and reduction as a whole is not too many. Theurban space is a complex with complicated functions, and often needs to face differentknown and unknown disasters, which need different disaster prevention and controlrequirements. Therefore, urban disaster prevention and reduction is often in an approachof “find-it and fix-it”. It just remedies the place where appears the disaster and there isfew research on initiative disaster prevention and reduction by using the whole urbanspace.The formation of mountain city disaster not only is the matter of urban space itself,but also involves the macro environment and structural form of the city. This paperadopts complex system research as the main method and problem oriented researchthought, which analyzing the mountainous city’s main type of disaster and finding theaffect of the course of various types of disasters on urban space that is macro-destruction ecological environment, meso-damage city morphology, microscopicdamage the space. Based on this analyzing, this paper discusses the law between themacroeconomic environment outside the city, meso-level urban morphology,microscopic city (internal) space and the whole process of urban disasters formation，development and death，and trying to understand these laws，in order to establish aappropriate methodology how to improve the capabilities of urban spaces adapt todisaster.The study follows the technical route of “raise a question—problemanalysis—theory construction—law analysis—mode construction—planningintervention”. Through the study of mechanism of action of the external environment，(internal) space composition and structural form of the city in the disaster developmentprocess, it preliminarily establishes a correlation model between the externalenvironment, space, form of the city and the formation, development, perish of disaster;and through the planning adjustment of the former three, it changes the different output states in the3stages(in disaster formation stage, it prevents the disaster happening byadjusting the relevant factors; in disaster development stage, it limits the expansion ofthe disaster by adjusting; in disaster perish stage, it accelerates the perish of the disasterby adjusting the relevant factors), in order to achieve the ability of controlling disasterby adjusting the urban space elements, and improve the adaptive and bearing capacityof the urban space against disasters. The main research contents are as follow:Firstly, Based on the understanding of the role of law between urban space and urban disasterinSouthwest Mountain,it sets up a thought of using the urban external environment, urbanspace distribution and space shape composition to prevent and reduce disasters initially,and puts forward the concept of urban space adaptation to the disaster so as to furtherextend the “defense” of urban space against the disaster to the “adaptation” of urbanspace to the disaster. And it systematically states the differences between the formationof the concept of space adaptation to the disaster and other relevant concepts, themechanism of action of space adaptation to the disaster and its advantages comparedwith the disaster prevention and reduction of urban space. It is impossible to eradicatethe happening of urban disasters, and on the contrary, it is impossible to takeprecautions against urban disasters due to its sudden and randomness. Thus, the citytries its best to prevent the happening of the disaster, and meanwhile it should improvethe adaptive and bearing capacity of the urban space against disasters. This adaptationmainly shows in improving the elasticity of urban space, that is to say, it not only canprevent but also can endure the disaster. It also has better prevention abilities, quicklyrecovers after the disaster and reduces the loss of the city (in Chapter1-3of the paper).Secondly, it analyzes the key factors that affect urban space adaptation to thedisaster in details and discusses their roles in urban space disaster prevention andreduction. It classifies the factors that affect urban space, and generally they can bedivided into three aspects, that is, the external environment, space composition andstructural form of the city. In Chapter4-6of the paper, it respectively discusses the threefactors involved in details, and analyzes their roles in urban space disaster preventionand reduction. In Chapter4, it discusses the adaptation role of urban externalenvironment, and the adaptation shows in the integrity, inclusive and ecology of theexternal space environment. In Chapter5, it discusses the elements of urban internalspace adaptation, and it studies the functional system, skeletal system, physical system,supporting system and guiding system of the urban space adaptation and explores theadaptation mechanism of the elements of each space system. In Chapter6, it discusses the morphological features of urban space adaptation against disaster, and it finds outthe multiple groups feature of the adaptation between the southwest mountain urbanspace form and the environment; the organic decentralization and compactconcentration feature of the southwest mountain city; the feature of road traffic guidingthe development of space form in southwest mountain city; and the self-organizingfeature of southwest mountain urban space form. These features are the importantfactors which affect urban space adaptation to the disaster (in Chapter4-6of the paper).Thirdly, it analyzes the three aspects that affect urban space adaptation to thedisaster, the external environment, space and form of the city, and establishes acorrelation model between the external environment, space, structure of the city and theformation, development and perish of disaster (based on the space adaptation systemblack-box conceptual model of CAS). It also analyzes the changing rules of eachelement system of space adaptation conceptual model in the three stages of disasterformation-development-perish and puts forward the planning intervention strategies inthe three stages: intervention before the disaster, control in the disaster, andreconstruction after the disaster. Through the adjustment of the planning factors, ithopes the urban space can play the role of regulation and control against the disastersystem in different stages of the disaster so as to control the happening, reduce thedamage or accelerate the perish of the disaster, and improve the intervention capabilityof urban space against disasters in order to establish the urban space adaptation method.Fourthly, at last, based on the analysis of each elements and the inference functionof the model, it puts forward the ideal mode of southwest mountain urban spaceadaptation against disasters, that is, the trend of organization, intensification andecologicalization.The study of this paper finds out an entry point for disaster prevention andreduction in mountainous cities, and it also provides a reference for urban safetyconstruction in southwestern region.