Since Modern Times, China's Urban And Rural Relationship Change Track And Change Mechanism (1840 ~ 2012)

China’s economic growth has gained great momentum since the reform of the marketization has been adopted. However, the developmental gap between the rural and the urban areas is continuously increasing. Consequently, it has strengthened the conflicts between them in a long run, which, in specific, can be summed up as follows: the disparity of their residential incomes have been intensified. The flow of the resources and key elements are sluggish. Their infrastructures and public services available differ violently. Their social outlooks contrast a lot. Their lifestyles vary sharply, with one advanced and another underdeveloped. When it comes down to these serious problems, the academia and the decision making group are accustomed to searching the reasons from the present situation in order to solve them. On some level, the history of human beings’civilization can be conceived as an evolving history of the rural and urban areas. At some point, the economic history equals to the developmental history of the changing relationship of the rural and urban areas. Their relationship takes up a core position in the development of economic society and the evolution of human being’s civilization. The existing phenomenon, problems and morbidities between them nowadays are a continuous accumulation of Chinese history, which experienced the dramatic changes of the modern times. If we forget history, we can’t understand what’s going on now. If we forget history, we can’t move forward. The thesis of this paper focuses on the research and study of the transition path and mechanism of the relationship between the rural and urban areas.The paper puts in order the transition trajectory of modern China’s rural-urban relations, covering110years from1840to1949,the period of the accelerating segregation between urban and rural areas, during which China’s rural-urban relations were gradually disintegrated and expeditiously separated owing to the backlash of western market economy; encompassing30years from1949to1978the period of the artificially imposed opposition between rural and urban areas, when the relations were deliberately contradicted because of the regulation designing and became rigid under a series of planned economy systems, including35years the time of rural-urban dispersion in high level from1978to2012, during which the relations developed rapidly and were intertwined closely but the disparities were enlarging because of the impacts of urban interest groups.By analyzing and summarizing the transition mechanism of China rural-urban relations, the paper puts forward a "external lashes plus internal adaptability" theory which leads the flux in China’s rural-urban relations. At the time of the accelerating segregation between urban and rural areas, irrespective of the great lashes brought by western market economy towards China’s ingrained rural-urban relations, China managed to fit in thanks to its inherent culture and well-developed skill of emulation. In the period of the artificially imposed opposition between rural and urban areas, the external lashes of planned economy resulted in the opposition in the relationship between China’s rural and urban areas, while sprouted from the seam between rural-urban planned economy and natural economy, the market economy factors strived to adjust the lashes by dint of complementing and resisting. During the time of rural-urban dispersion in high level, with a view of reaping the benefits of the revolution, urban interest groups impeded the groups concerning agriculture, rural areas and farmers from participating revolutionary activities, and thereby hindered their participating into the income distribution of revolution, therefore resulted in the consistently widening gap between rural and urban areas over their mutual development. However, with Chinese farmers’bravery and intelligence, Chinese government takes such measures as carrying out the Unified Design between the City and the Countryside and the Integrated Development Strategy of Urban and Rural Areas to bridge the gap and leads the relations to a rapport.The innovation of the paper is mainly reflected in two aspects of theoretical perspectives and suggestions of innovation. In the respect of the innovative opinions and theories, this paper raises and elaborates upon the theory of external lash plus internal adaptability" which is the transition mechanism in the relations of modern China’s rural-urban areas, the paper also brings forward in the period of rural-urban speedy separation the substantive impacts brought by western market economy towards China is by nature the urban lashes against rural area, the groups’deprivation of participation bringing about the time of rural-urban dispersion in high level which broadens the gap between rural and urban areas, and the theories of dividing the transition of rural-urban relations into periods according to the times’characteristics. In terms of creative advice and solutions, the paper presents and depicts the unified rural-urban development in the future, the so called"12345" strategy, and also sets goals of the unified rural-urban development in the year of2020both conceptually and concretely.