Research On Zheng Guanying’s Thoughts Of Commercial War

With the deepening of the economic globalization and the rapid development of the technological advancement, the competition between enterprises also becomes the important index for assessing the economic power of a country. In the configuration of the global hi-tech competition brought about by the economic globalization, though our country takes its place in the world, it still lacks the absolute competitive advantage.Currently, the competitiveness of our country’s enterprises is as follows:1. Being among the low-end ranking of the value chain of the world.The majority of our country’s enterprises can only be classified into the low-end of the value chain in the world. And most of the top enterprises are in the industrial chain with products of low quality and high consumption and low added values. So they are often passive in position without any so-called competitiveness.2. Lacking the capacity of independent innovation. Being ignorant of investment into the development of new technology and new products, many Chinese excellent enterprises are still at the beginning step based on importing and digesting foreign technology. Besides the limitation of the level of research and development and investment, they can not be independent of foreign countries in technology, with little real independent intellectual property rights in their core technology.3. Improvement in management being needed. Since the competitiveness of enterprises is closely related to the management of enterprises, it is urgent to learn from the enterprises of the Western countries as to how to manage an enterprise, how to motivate the activeness of the staff and how to carry out humanized management.4. Short of compound talent. The competitiveness of an enterprise is shown in two aspects:science and technology and talent, which make up the motive of the sustainable and enduring development. Therefore, it becomes the decisive factor for an enterprise to maintain competitive at home and abroad whether it can train and make full use of talents or not.Therefore, in view of the current situation of the competitiveness of Chinese enterprises mentioned above, it puts forward a question: how to strengthen the competitiveness of Chinese enterprises? In fact, Zheng Guanying has already answered the question over100years ago.Making a complete analysis of the answer to the question, the essay starts with the source of the thoughts and analyses their specific ideas, after which it makes an assessment as well as elaborates on their influence of the idea.The first chapter is the introduction of the essay, introducing the subject of the analysis, methods and reviews of the documents.The second chapter explores the historical conditions of the formation of Zheng Guanying’s thoughts of Commercial War and his masterpieces. The chapter elaborates the sources of Zheng Guanying’s thoughts of commercial war and their concrete embodiment through three aspects:Zheng Guanying’s family, the origin of thoughts of commercial war and his masterpieces. Zheng Guanying’s thoughts of commercial war come from the four main factors:the social environments, thoughts of the revolutionist since the Opium War, the conclusion of business practice and western communication and influence.The third chapter is the thought of putting emphasis on farming over business. The chapter elaborates mostly that through criticizing traditional ideas of the thought of putting emphasis on farming over business, Zheng Guanying tried to create a public opinion for developing Chinese capitalist industry and commerce. In order to realize the thought of developing country on business, he put forward establishing the department of business, school of business, law of business and abolishing Likin system and developing the contemporary industry. The chapter provides the theoretical support to the analysis and research by elaborating the relevant theories.The fourth chapter is about the precondition and marketing strategy of carrying out the thoughts of commercial war. The major part of the essay states the most important two precondition of the thoughts:limitation and elimination of the five marketing strategy of the imperialist in China; highlighting the market research, market prediction, training talent for marketing so as to improve the marketing efficiency and broaden the international market. So the essay mainly discusses the usage of the methods of marketing and policy and measures.The fifth chapter is on developing modern machine industry. The chapter deeply analyses the influence of developing machine industry and learning western technology over the thoughts of Commercial War. The first part of the chapter starts with the relationship between the development of commerce and machine industry and states the disadvantages of not developing machine industry through the method of positive analysis. Therefore, the second part titled learning western advanced technology introduces the four strategies of developing commerce:setting the subject of commerce, setting the school for commerce, sending people abroad and displaying exhibition to motivate all walks of life.The sixth chapter is around establishing the modern management system of an enterprise. First, the chapter states its recognition about the enterprises’management system, and criticizes fiercely the system of government-supervision and merchant-management. Furthermore, Zheng Guanying sets forth his ideas of enterprises’ management, which advocates the government to carry out free economic policy and puts emphasis on the variety of enterprise management, etc.The seventh chapter is related to setting up contemporary system of financial circulation and fiscal policy. The essay expounds Zheng Guanying’s financial and economic ideas from the aspects of contemporary financial circulation system and financial system. On the subject of finance, he puts forth the idea of setting up banks and single currency system and developing insurance service; he also states his own unique opinions concerning cutting down expense and earning more.The eighth of the essay makes a conclusion about the historical education and influence of Zheng Guanying’s thoughts of Commercial War. Nevertheless, his thoughts have their advantages as well as its limitations. The chapter gives an objective assessment about it, pointing out that the thoughts have their own advantages in terms of their emphasizing education and developing national commerce and trade. But in view of the historical limitation, it has some disadvantages. However, his thoughts have exerted much influence over the advanced ideas of Chinese intellectuals such as Mao Zedong, Sun Zhongshan and Kang Youwei while exerting great effect on us modern Chinese.The last part makes a conclusion about enlightenment of Zheng Guanying’s thoughts of Commercial War. The chapter expounds from four aspects:firstly, we should make the greatest endeavour to improve our competitiveness to rule the roost; secondly, the government should protect and support the national economy; thirdly, we should abide by the discipline of market economy; and lastly, the joint venture business model and share-holding system should be promoted.The features of the essay mainly demonstrate in the following ways:1. Concerning Zheng Guanying’s thoughts of Commercial War, the essay makes a complete and systematic research as well as trying to accumulate administrative experience for carrying out the contemporary society’s economic and social policy from an observant angle, on the basis of a systematic summary of the source and components of his thoughts.2. With regard to the research methods, the essay utilizes not only the method of threshold analysis, positive analysis and historical analysis, combining the thoughts of economic history, history of economic thought and political thought while emphasizing the analysis of positive analysis and empirical analysis.3. The essay emphasizes both the description and demonstration of Zheng Guan Ying’s thoughts of Commercial War and the shift and development as well as the source and influence of the thoughts. Based on the above features, the essay puts the subject of the research in the broader situation, and while on the condition of using the economic method, it tries to absorb multi-desciplined knowledge so as to deepen the knowledge of the research subject.4. The study on Zheng Guanying’s thoughts of Commercial War determines that the ideas that the essay studies includes not only those of other scholars and intellectuals but also all aspects of late Qing dynasty, concerning finance, tax, management and culture besides the government policy, laws and relevant systems. The above content constitutes one important part of the bibliographic documents of the essay.