Research On Trade Liberalization And Industrial Security In Developing Countries

As the essential characteristic of economic development in the today’s world, economic globalization has become an irresistible historical trend. The principle of trade liberalization is the reflection of economic globalization in trade field. It is a process of sustainable advancement and evolution since its premise is the promotion of market economy in global scope. Its background is the enhancement of production socialization extent, and its content is the large-scale implementation of market access and national treatment. Its symbol is the weakening of government administrative interference in various countries and booming development of international trade. Under the great trend of economic globalization, trade liberalization not only influences the developing scale and pace of international trade, but also influences the allocation of global resources. The rapid increase of international trade propels the intensification and expansion of international division and requests various kinds of commodities and factors to flow in a free fashion in the world in order to achieve a more reasonable and effective allocation. In such a dynamic process, in order to meet the demand of economic globalization, many countries have been concentrating on eliminating the trade barriers and discriminating treatments step by step and establishing a trade environment with more freedom to stimulate the domestic industrial development and economic growth. However, the influence of trade liberalization upon the developed countries differs from that upon the developing countries, and thus the benefits they have obtained are of great difference. In terms of most developing countries, although the trade liberalization has provided them with the opportunities for the expansion of foreign trade scale, the exertion of comparative advantages and the acceleration of industry structure adjustment, the developing countries are involved in adverse position in the international division and trade, due to the low level economic development. And furthermore, during recent years, a large number of trade barriers of multifarious names have been applicated in the international trade, which caused the export potentials of the developing countries to be restricted to a large extent, and their national industries are usually restricted by severe foreign competitions and deprived of good opportunities of development. Consequently, the industrial security has been seriously threatened. With the enhancing strategic position of economic security in national security, the significance of industrial security has been increasingly highlighted. The industrial security is not only the foundation of economic security and development, but also the most essential jumping-off point for the government to formulate and implement industrial policies. Under the background of economic globalization, this issue has attracted numerous unprecedented attentions and concerns. As for the definition of industrial security, in this dissertation, the author considered that industrial security substantially refers to the status and capability of one country to safeguard its existing and potential industrial benefits from injuries, and the symbol of industrial security is whether or not the citizens of the country have the right for initiation, control, adjustment and development. And what’s more, the procession of development is deemed a major criterion for the judgment. Amongst the various factors influencing national industrial security, the trade liberalization and investment liberalization under the background of economic globalization have become the major incentives threatening the industrial security, and simultaneously, it is also the origin of arousing research trend on industrial security. At present, the researches on investment liberalization and industrial security are prevalent and systematic, but the researches on trade liberalization, especially trade liberalization and industrial security in developing countries are very few. Therefore just based on such point of view, this dissertation initiates the analysis and study.Basically speaking, industrial competitiveness is the key element influencing industrial security. Industrial security is mainly depending on industrial competitiveness. Compared with the developed countries, the developing countries are obviously weak as to the industrial competitiveness, and are confronted with higher risk in international competitions. Even through in accordance with the WTO multilateral trade system, the remedy measures including anti-dumping, anti-subsidies, safeguards and so forth are allowed to be adopted, the protections from these measures are still temporary. In the long run, if the industrial competitiveness can not be improved substantially, the threat on the industrial security is impossible to be eradicated. The industrial competitiveness is the fundamental guarantee of industial security.In order to maintain industrial security, the developing countries shall not only deliberate comparative advantages and disadvantages of various domestic industries arising from factor endowments and full exertion of comparative advantages, but also consider how to facilitate cultivating self-innovation capability and strengthening domestic industrial competitiveness. From the perspective of ensuring national industrial security, it is also required to carry out necessary plannings and coordinations in terms of developing status of various industries, and formulate strategies and guideline policies with respect to different industries. The enhancement of industrial competitiveness is the important basis and goal for governments to set up relevant strategies and policies, and is the key point of drawing on the advantages and avoiding disadvantages to maximum benefits in the progress of trade liberalization. In consideration of national industrial security, the enhancement of industrial development and industrial competitiveness is especially one of the key principles to formulate relevant strategies and policies in the progress of trade liberalization. The realization of benign interaction between industrial competitiveness and industrial security is the best way for the developing countries to maintain industrial security in the process of trade liberalization.This dissertation studies the developing trend of the present international trade, and discusses the relation between trade liberalization and foreign trade development in developing countries. It also emphasizes the research on the influence of trade liberalization upon the industrial security of the developing countries. In addition, the dissertation analyzes the double influences of relative rules of WTO on the maintenance of industrial security in the developing countries, and expounds service trade liberalization, trade policies of developed countries as well as industrial security maintenance of the developing countries. It proposes the significance and effective manners for the developing countries to safeguard against risks, draw on advantages and avoid disadvantages so as to ensure industrial security in the progress of trade liberalization. Furthermore, the dissertation also summarizes the experiences of measures which have been adopted by many countries like Korea, India and Mexico, of which purpose is to provide references and inspirations on industrial security for the developing countries in the progress of trade liberalization. Finally, starting from the industrial security status of China in the progress of trade liberalization, the dissertation focuses on a systematic research pertaining to the security conditions of the agriculture, manufacture and service industry in China. On such basis, the dissertation proposes the countermeasures to maintain the security of various industries in China in an effective fashion in the progress of trade liberalization. It also points out that the benign interaction between industrial competitiveness and industrial security is the best way for the developing countries to maintain industrial security in the progress of trade liberalization, and specifically puts forward policy advices to maintain the industrial security of developing countries in the progress of trade liberalization on the macro level.