Design For The Electric Vehicle Charging And Discharging Price Strategy From Demand Side Management Perspective

With oil resource being exhausted and global warming intensifying, thedevelopment of the green car, expecially electric vehicle, has been the new trend ofautomobile industry, because of its advantage on saving energy and protectingenvironment. the electric cars, as large loads, may lead to increasing in the operationcomplexity of future power system, taking its charing or discharing randomness andintermittent into account.To settle this problem, many scholars have done some pilotstudies on technical level, from analyzing on the affect of the electric vehicle chargingbehavior to measuring the system benefits when electric vehicles discharge to powersystem, through the V2G technology. Nevertheless, there are few systematicalmanagement studies on the above problems, and less studies on the discussion of theprice setting of the electric vehicle’ Charging and discharging electricity price.A reasonable charge and discharge price system is not only the main means torealize electric vehicle charging or discharging control and management, also the keyeconomic link between the electric car user and grid operators. How to make a rationalcharging and discharging electricity price system is the one of core problems, whichmust be solved before the popularization of electric vehicle, for formulating thecharging or discharging behivour of the electric vehicle users, to satisfy the safe andeconomic operation of the power system. In view of this, this paper selected the subject:“Design for the Electric Vehicle Charging and Discharging Price Strategy from DemandSide Management Perspective” to systemmaticaly research. Take the charging,discharging power as a special commodity, to coordinate the interest relationshipbetween the power system and electric car user. After systematical analyzing the pricingfactors which may influence the behivours of charging or discharging, and withrefereing power demand side management theory and electricity price theory, we get thecharging and discharging price system. The innovative work reflects in the followingaspects:①Establish the electric vehicle charging price model, considering the chargingfacilities investment cost. To structure this model, we combine the integrated resourceplanning theory and the dynamic traffic network thought, judge the main foactorsdeciding the electric vehicle charging price, and take these factors, expecially electric car user’ interests (mainly charge convenience degree and charging price) into theplanning of the charging facilities. Based on these preparations, the multi-objectivecharging price model is established, in which the power purchase cost, charging timewindow, power grid operation cost and investment cost are fully contained. At last, afeasible two stage heuristic algorithm is put forward to solve the charging price mode.This study provides a train of thought about the electric vehicle charging facilitieslayout and scales, and at the same time also gives the valuable reference of making theelectric vehicle charging price.②Discusses the discharging price strategy, considering electric vehicle user’attitude. To construct the reasonable electric vehicle discharging price model, thedemand side response theory is used for reference to set up and analyze respectively therevenue functions of the electric vehicle user and Power Company. In the above model,the finance CVaR criterion is introduced to measure the risk valuation when the electricvehicle user faces electricity buyback uncertainty. The study found that the electricvehicle user’s V2G reserve supply is proportional with his(her) risk aversion degree; andin the distributed decision situations, there exists the double marginal effect in the wholeV2G reverse supply chain, in which electric vehicle user’ optimal energy stored is lessthan the overall optimal preliminary stock. To solve the problem, the "buyback subsidies+market margin" coordinating discharging price strategy is put forward. Subsequently,a reserve service market trading mode is constructed, which the electric vehicle couldparticipate in. This research provide a reference, when the Power Company will makethe best of electric vehicle for V2G reserve trade, through some incentive measures ormeans, following the popularization of electric vehicle.③Structures the coordination strategy between the electric car charging price anddischarging price. After comparative analysis of the electric car user’s market response,taking the peak and valley lime price theory in account, the study gets that: it is better toadopt the peak and valley lime charging price strategy than the unified price strategy,due to which the Power Company could get the higher V2G market response degree ofelectric vehicle user at the lower cost. Because when Power Company takestime-sharing charging price strategy, the marginal cost of participatting the V2G reservemarket reduce.Therefore the V2G reserve supply curve will become gentle. Based onthe above conclusion, the electric vehicle charging and discharging electricity pricecoordination model is constructed, in order to make the interest relationship between electric vehicle user and Power Company unified. The results of this are usuful tocoordinate the relation between charging price and discharging price.