Research On Of University-to-industry Knowledge Spillovers Mechnisms And Effects

Knowledge is the most important strategic resources for the industries in the knowledge economy. Technological innovation process is more complex, so it is difficult for the industries to own all the knowledge required for technological innovation. The acquisition of new knowledge from the outside is the key to enhance industrial technological innovation capacity. Universities are seen as the source of new knowledge and technology. Universities also are the important source of knowledge spillovers and are playing an increasingly important role in the national innovation system. So the use of university knowledge spillovers to enhance the industrial independent innovation capability has become a topic which attracts much more concern of the government and industries.First, the study explains the relationship between the characteristics of university knowledge and university knowledge spillover mechanisms based on the analysis the characteristics of university knowledge. This can establish assumptions and characteristic parameters for the university knowledge spillovers theoretical models. University tacit knowledge spillover usually occurs in a certain space. It is a distance decay function. University tacit knowledge spillover mainly occurs through the formation of university spin-offs and the flows of human capital. University explicit knowledge spillover can overcome the limit of geographic distance. It usually occurs across administrative even across national boundaries and mainly through the university-to-industry social networks. University-to-industry knowledge spillover is restricted by the availability of university knowledge spillover, the industrial demand for university knowledge spillover and the perfection degree of the intermediary service system.Second, the study has built the basic theoretical model of university-to-indstry knowledge spillover effects based on the Griliches-Jaffe knowledge production function in C-D form. The study also has built the extended model of university-to-indstry knowledge spillover effect based on the integrated use of the spatial economics and social network theory to reveal the university-to-indstry knowledge spillover mechanism under the role of space and network factors. The models aim to lay the theoretical foundation so as to measure the effects of geographic proximity and relationship proximity on the university-to-indstry knowledge spillover. Third, the study conducts the empirical tests for the extended model of university-to-industry knowledge spillovers which contains the spatial factors. The spatial correlation of university knowledge spillover is inspected by MoranⅠIndex and MoranⅠScatter Plot. The spatial weight matrix is established. The maximum likelihood estimation method is used to estimate university knowledge spillovers based on the formation of spin-offs and the flow of human capital. The results show that both university spin-offs and human capital flows have the positive correlation with industrial innovation outputs. However the effects are not significant.Fourth, the study conducts the empirical tests for the extended model of university-to-industry knowledge spillovers which contains the network factors. Chinese university-industry cooperation networks were constructed according to the data which were obtained from the Patent Analysis System. University-industry cooperation relational data are used to build symmetric adjacency matrix. Then the study draws the university-industry cooperation network diagram. The social network analysis technique is used to measure the structural character of the university-industry cooperation network. The econometric analysis is used to conduct the empirical test for university-to-industry knowledge spillovers based on industry-university cooperative network. The results show that there are positive correlations between the network size, network density, network centralization and university knowledge spillover effects respectively. The data relating to university patents cited by industrial patents are difficult to obtain. This paper only studies university knowledge spillovers based on Tsinghua University patent citation network. The results show that the small-world and scale-free characteristics plays an important role in university-to-industry knowledge spilloversFinally, the study has obtained the corresponding policy recommendations based on the theoretical and empirical analysis. The industries should make full use of the geographical proximity and relationship proximity to abtain the university knowledge spillovers to enhance the industrial independent innovation capability.