| This paper has learne from the theory of dual economy, the theory of dual financeand the theory of urban and rural harmonious development, combed the all literaturematerials about the non-equalization of urban-rural finance development at home andabroad, and summarized its coordinated development pattern about America, Europeand Asia. And then, this paper has analysed the evolutionary history of Chinese urbanand rural finance system from1949, studied the non-equalization of urban-ruralfinance development from the points of its deposit and loan, its total financial assets, itseconomic and financial level, its financial intermediation and financial market, andforecasted its future trends. Based on the former analysis, this paper has analysed thereasons caused the non-equalization of urban-rural finance development, combiningqualitative analysis and quantitative analysis. And this paper has analysed the affectfrom the non-equalization of urban-rural finance development to the urban-ruraleconomic growth gap, urban-rural income gap and urban-rural consumption gap.At last,some suggestions are submitted.①Conclusions of this paper:Firstly, the non-equalization of Chinese urban-rural finance development is verysignificant and its non-equalization will exist. From the point of urban-rural financialsystem, its development process is very complicated, including1949-1979,1979-1992and1993-2012. The gap between the urban financial system and the rural financialsystem exists in the three different periods. The non-equalization of Chinese urban-ruralfinance development is not only a practical problems but also a historical issues. Fromthe point of its deposit and loan, its total financial assets, its economic and financiallevel, its financial intermediation and financial market, its non-equalization betweenurban and rural is very obvious. From the points of its future trends, its non-equalizationwill exist in the future, and it is very different to solve this problems.Secondly, the reasons caused the non-equalization of Chinese urban-rural financedevelopment are very complcated, and it is necessary to solve the problems fromdifferent points.From the point of institutional economics, its initial endowmentdifferences and the role of the inherent constraints of its change are the main reasons.They has caused the non-equalization supply and demand of urban-rural system. Insome extent, the non-equalization of Chinese urban-rural finance development is the result of the non-equalization supply and demand of urban-rural system.From the pointof emprical results by panel threshold regression model, GDP per capita, the level ofurban-rural marketing, investment in fixed assets are the reasons caused itsnon-equalization, but the FDI is not the reason.Thirdly, the influence from the non-equalization of Chinese urban-rural financedevelopment to the urban-rual economic and social development is very obvious,especially the urban-rural economic development. From the point of the urban-ruraleconomic growth gad, the non-equalization of urban-rural finance development caninfluence the urban-rural economic growth gad if control the urban-rual investment infixed assets, the level of urban-rural marketing and the urban-rural FDI. From thepoint of the urban-rural income gad, the non-equalization of urban-rural financedevelopment is the main reson caused the urban-rural economic growth gad if controlthe urban-rural employment structure, the level of urban-rural marketing and thegovernment’s policy. From the point of the urban-rural consumption gad, thenon-equalization of urban-rural finance development may be caused the urban-ruralconsumption gad if control the urban-rual income gap, population burden ration, percapita health care expenditure, per capita expenditure on education, the rate of inflationand interest rate. All these results has proved the relation between urban-rural economyand urban-rural finance.Fourthly, a new type of urban-rural financial development is a effective way toadjust and control the non-equalization of urban-rural finance development. The newtype are a view of the world and a new methodology, which pursue a coordinateddevelopment betweeen county and city, agriculture and non-agriculture, macro andmicro, current and long-term, based on the dual financial strcture of urban-rural. As anew type, there are three characters, for example, attach great importance to thedemand-oriented, the pursuit of sustainable development, stress the timeliness offunctional innovation, competitive collaboration, coordination and financial ecologicaladaptability②Suggestions of this paper:Firstly, need to strengthen the functionof urban-rural commercial finance. Speed upthe reform of the existing rural commercial financial structure, expand the scopebusiness of the urban-rural commercial finance, cultivate new-type rural financialinstitutions, and improve the mechanism of competition about different financialinstitutions. Under the premise of the efficient allocation of financial institutions in urban and rural areas, specifically to establish and gradually improve rural micro-creditmarket to cover all financial institutions. Under the premise of the efficient allocation offinancial institutions in urban and rural areas, need to strengthen supervision andmanagement of all financial institutions.Secondly, Need to reshape the system of rural cooperative financial services. Forall the rural credit cooperatives, which has noe become a rural commercial bank, it isnecessary to pay attention to its collaboration and make them a carrier to solve thefinancing difficulties in rural area. And for rural commercial bank, need to cultivate itscollaboration.Thirdly, need to pay attention to rural public finance. Perfect the rural financialservice system, including Agricultural Development Bank of China and ChinaDevelopment Bank. Expand the scope of rural public financial business, for example,Agricultural Development Bank of China should focus on the construction ofagricultural infrastructure, the popularization of agricultural science and technology, theprotection of agro-ecological resources, and the business cooperation between ChinaDevelopment Bank and the local government to promote the development of ruralfinance should be made. Push the reform of Agricultural Development Bank of China,the public and the commerce are very important. The relation between implementing thepolicy and obtaining its benefits is the key. At the same, introduce, digest and absorb thesuccessful experiences at home and aboard is necessary. |
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