Comparative Study Between China, Europe And US And Practical Exploration Of Utilization Of Open Educational Resources In The Teaching And Learning In Higher Education

Curriculum resources are important factor for teaching and learning in Universities. Universities are facing complex and severe challenges in the second decade of 21 st century. In the background of mformation technology and globalization,Open Educational Resources(OER)movement has become powerful driving force for innovation of Caching and learning in higher education.How to improve teaching and leaming by using vast amounts of educational resources in the internet, meanwhile reduce the cost of cutriciilum and Caching have become common concerns all over the world.This study concerns a practical isue that how to use open educational resourcesto improve teaching and lead educational reibim in universities. What is the current situation of utilization of OER hi China and abroad(Europe and US)? What are tee differences and similarities in utilization of OER in China and abroad(Europe and US)? What is the barriers and motivation of utilization of OER in various levels in China and abroad(Europe and US)? What is the pathway, model and method of utilization of OER in universities? What is the outer environment and support syst:em to enhance tee utilization of OER? How about tee effect of utUization of OER in universities,clasroom? What strategies can be used to improve the utilization of OER?IVAll these isues are deeply discused in this study.Firstly, based on the literature review and cased study, this study points out trends of OER has teansferred from resource development to integration of development and utilization of resources, and analyzes the current situation and effect of utilization of OER in Europe and US.Secondly, the research on utilization of OER in Ghina is made based on the study of "National Esential Courses"project, the interview with some teachers in universities and some typical cases of utilization of OER in China.Thirdly, the comparison of current situation of utilization of OER in China,Europe and United States of America are made. It aims to figure out the differences and similarities of utilization of OER between China, Europe and US, and analyze the reason and social background behind it such as different higher education system and the level of higher educational development. This study points out that a big gap exists between resource development and utilization in China, and the resource needs higher reusability. There are still some institutional barriers in using OER for kachers who have low internal motivation to do it.Fourthly, design based research are conducted in author,s clasroom in two courses. First one is in experiment of general education course-’Tsychology of Happines". It tries to create a "dialogue cksroom" which is a new trend for dasroominnovation abroad. In this course, the course video from open course of Harvard University was cut into micro-video, and a series of problem context and learning topic are built based on this micro video. It made an integration of utilization of OERand teaching model and turned the lecture into dialogue environment,and nnally cauted a big improvement of students,engagement and outcome in learning. TheSecond one is a course of educational technology major- "Study of Modem Distance Education".It intends to build blended learning environment which in the research hypothesis is better than traditional clasroom or separate online leaming. This courseemphasis both theory understanding and distance education development and practice.Because Most of MOOCs courses in Coursera is five to eight weeks long, and some of them is not so hard to learn,the design of "Study of Modem Distance Education"integrated MOOCs certification and evaluation of this course itself- put MOOCs certificate as an important part of evaluation in "Study of Modem Distance Education" In this course, a blended learning model was designed. This model is very effective and practical since the result of implement in this course- students got better learning outcome and showed improvement of capacity of self-directed learning and collaborative learning.This study draws nve conclusions below:Firstly,online course is a critical teend and sign fbr higher education in information era. It brings big challenge for traditional clasroom in universities,and also create new opportunities and thinking for educational innovation.Secondly,utilization of OER in teaching and learning are drawn more and moreattention.China’s universities are far behind Europe and US both in practice and research of this neld. One of the gaps is Europe and US have developed fromexperience level to deep exploration of method,methodology and theory of utilization of OER while China still in experience level. The second distinction is that internal motivation and leading force of Europe and US in OER development and utilization isuniversities while in China OER is led and pushed by two forces- one is govemment’s policy, and the other is IT industry, but teachers themselves do not have enough internal motivation to engage and utilize OER due to current Caching management and evaluation system.Thirdly, it is very hard to get remarkable effect if just move open educational resources into clasroom directly. It must be localized by modified, reedhed and reconstruct;ed,and must meet schooPs local requirement.Fourthly, blender leaming model get theoretical and practical evidence support inthis study. It should be the directive model of utilization of OER in universities inorder to transfer the traditional lecture into self-directed learning, collaborative learning and problem based learning.Fifthly, effective utilization of OER in universities must get support fromuniversity. A new relative teaching and learning support system should be built in campus. Teacher’s team and tutor’s team should be organized to create culture of utilization of OER in teaching.