Theory And Practice Of Professional Access Of Physical Trainers

With professional development and segmentation of labor division, physical trainer has become a new profession and played an important role in physical training. In China, there is no an institution or organization engaged in promoting professionalization of physical trainers and physical trainers are recruited by each national team and professional club in accordance with their demands and recognition degree. At present, physical trainers are under a vague status characterized by absence of post establishment, recruitment standards, management and certification. Defect of the mechanism results in lower teaching level of physical trainers, thus obstructing and hindering improvement of scientific level of Chinese physical training. On the basis of full survey of Chinese physical trainers, this article, from the perspective of professional capability research, under guidance of related theories of international mainstream professional capability and through integration of theories and methods of competence and competence model with professional features of physical trainers, put forward the theoreticalbasis of constructing competence model of physical trainers, disclosed competence and requirements necessary for physical trainers to bear and complete physical training work through integration of theories and empirical study, determined content and weight of physical trainer competence assessment model, constructed physical trainer competence model assessment indicator system and addressed partial theoretical problems of professional access of physical trainers. Furthermore, on the theoretical guidance of competence model, this article attempted to construct professional standards for competence of physical trainers, constructed physical trainer training system under the guidance of Standards, applied such system to professional training of physical trainers and addressed practical problems in training and certification of physical trainers.I. Work completed by this study(I) Survey of physical trainers as a new professionThrough such methods as consultation of literatures, expert interview, questionnaire and field survey, this article conducted a profession survey of physical trainers, fully analyzed professional activity objectives, work field, development status, practitioner quantity, level and remuneration level and social status of physical trainers and necessary knowledge and skills of practitioners.(II) Construction of theoretical modelThrough probe into competence, characteristics of competence, connotation and extension of competence model and theoretical basis of competence model and basic idea of constructing physical trainer competence model assessment system on the basis of morality, diligence, skill and competence used to assess work performance, this article discussed basis principles of assessment system construction, analyzed various factors of assessment elements from such six aspects as professional morality, work attitude, knowledge structure, skill structure, work capability and teaching qualification and pointed out establishment of assessment indicators, among assessment elements, is key to assessment operation and implementation After preliminary design of physical trainer competence assessment indicator system and two-round’s assessment and marking by experts(Delphi approach), this article determined important competence indicators and designed Physical Trainer Competence Weight Questionnaire so that industrial experts can determine score of each indicator after pair-wise comparison and concluded weight allocation of assessment indicator system through analytic hierarchy process. In accordance with statistics result, this article analyzed practical value and significance of each indicator. Establishment of assessment indicator system makes each competence element necessary for physical trainers more explicit, provides a guidance for selection and recruitment of physical trainers and provides an important theoretic basis for design of professional standard of physical trainers and specific implementation of professional training of physical trainers.(III) EmpiricalstudyThis article analyzed application of Human Resources Management(HRM) in preparation of professional standard. On the basis of analysis of dimensions and elements of competence model and analysis of physical trainer work, with reference to professional certification mode of international physical trainers and physical trainer certification qualification, training content and assessment method of National Strength & Conditioning Association, in consideration of physical training development in China and in accordance with theories and practice about preparation of domestic sports industry standards, the author prepared Professional Standard of Physical Trainers(Draft). Through three-round’s argumentation in three times of physical trainer certification meetings convoked by General Administrationof Sportof China, experts in the aspect of physical training theories and practice, professional skill certification and method experts finally determined Profession Standards of Physical Trainers satisfying actual demands of sports teams. Under the guidance of professional qualification standard, talent training system of physical trainers was constructed and applied to physical trainer training and certification in China for the first time.IIConclusion of this study(I) Physical trainers have conditions for new profession applicationThis study completed a new profession survey of physical trainers and prepared a profession survey report of physical trainers. Such report analyzed concept, connotation and extension of physical trainers, necessity and feasibility of physical trainers as a new profession, characteristics of physical trainers as a new profession and difference from and connection with related professions, current development status and development prospect of physical trainers in China and detailedly explained 12 items to be completed in Proposal of New Professions necessary for new profession application. As indicated by the survey report, actual number of physical trainers in China is over 5,000. With characteristics and core skills obviously different from other professions, broad career prospective and feasibility for promotion to the public, physical trainers will create great social influence and value in such fields as competitive sports, public fitness and special industries. Therefore, physical trainers fully have conditions for new profession application.(II) Constructed physical trainer competence model assessment systemOn the basis of new profession survey report, this article fully analyzed professional activity objectives, work field, development status, practitioner quantity, level and remuneration level and social status of physical trainers and necessary knowledge and skills of practitioners and constructed physical trainer competence model assessment system consisting of 6 first-class indicators, 23 second-class indicators and 59 third-class indicators in accordance with Iceberg Model, Onion Model and contemporary mainstream strategical management theory of human resources and such methods as Delphi, panel discussion and analytic hierarchy process.(III) Determined standards for physical trainers as a new professionOn the basis of physical trainer competence theory model, overall analysis of physical training work and necessary conditions and requirements for physical trainers, with reference to related contents of professional standards of American physical trainers and in accordance with Technical Procedures for Preparation of Professional Standards and professional characteristics and entry requirements of physical trainers, this article determined framework of standards for physical trainers as a new profession, covering profession name and definition, characteristics of professional competence, working environment, entry conditions and requirements, basic requirements, work requirements and proportion table and finally determined New Profession Standards of Physical Trainers satisfying actual demands through panel discussion.(IV) Constructed physical trainer training and certification systemUnder the guidance of professional standards for physical trainers, with reference to international advanced physical training concept and in combination with actual conditions of physical training development in China, this article determined training objectives and principles of physical trainers and established physical trainer training and certification system of physical trainer from such six aspects as organization and management system, content system, method system, expert system, assessment system and certification system.