| In1840, the outbreak of the opium war marking China entered the modern society. Since then,many new schools set up one after another in the capital and coastal regions of Qing dynasty.We can say, it was the inception that Chinese education began to change from tradition to modern times.Ningxia is located in the inner part of Northwest China with economically backward,political corruptions and the destitution of people’s life,deep-rooted traditional education hindered modernization of Ningxia education,and laged behind coastal developed areas around the same time.Untill the end of the Qing when the new policies carried out, modern education became popular in Ningxia under the impetus of the reform of power within the dynasty.After the xinhai revolution,traditional education completely lost the survival of the soil, the introduction of the new education system, the education idea and education mode made Ningxia education entered a new stage of development. In the period of ma warlords ruled over Ningxia, the national education, social education, education of Hui nationality, the church education and so on achieved great development and obtained a certain result. Education not only have the function of imparting knowledge,it also has the function of social control. In Ningxia region during the period of the republic of China, no matter which ruling class, they all exert control over social members in order to maintain social order and consolidate its ruling by using the method of the education. Because in this period, society has been in ningxia upheaval and transformation, the shortage of education funds.But in the period of the republic of China, the society of Ningxia had been in a upheaval and transformation, the lack of funds, the shortage of teachers, and the continuation of war and a series of reasons result in that the education developing amidst twists and turns, untill the liberation of Ningxia, the situation had been effectively improved,social control function of education has been weakened.The first part:the national education of Ningxia in the public of China.National education includ elementary education,secondary education and higher education. In the early period of the republic of china, the national education in Ningxia got start, but the whole education system is not perfect. After Ma Hong-kui ruled Ningxia, he began to rectify the education system, and obtained certain result. But From whole see, the national education is big but not so powerful and much but not so perfect.On the basis of making description and analysis on education administration and education funds,this part made a study of primary education, secondary education and higher education from several levels respectively.Among them,we made a focused research on the elementary education, analyzed development history and temporal and spatial characteristics of it at the cutoff point of establishing Ningxia Province.Finally, revolving around the combat for power between JingJie-shi and MaHong-kui and destruction of education from MaHong-kui,we snalysed the man-made factors affecting the development of education in Ningxia.The second part:the social education of Ningxia in the republic of China.Social education which is corresponding to the normal school education and family education is a planned, organized and purposeful education activities,moreover,it is an important supplement to the form of national education. First of all,this part made a brief analysis of the reason for the rise of the social education during the period of the republic of China, after that,we described the development of social educational institution as popular school, drama school, public education center and so on,and made a focused research on public literacy movement form rising reasons, development course, administrative organization, sources of funds and many other aspects.The third part:the education of Hui nationality of Ningxia in the republic of China. The specific ethnic groups of Ningxia region made that the education of Hui nationality became an integral part of Ningxia education research. This part expounded the profound background of times and the inevitable requirement of the innovation and reform of the education of Hui nationality,combined with the positive role of Ma Fu-xiang and Hu Song-shan etal. in the development of the education of Hui nationality,made a full display about the old-new transition of the education of hui nationality by establishing modern style schools and reforming mosque education,and analyze the characteristics and problems of the education of Hui nationality in Ningxia during the period of the republic of China.The fourth part:the church education of Congregatio Immaculati Cordis Mariae in modern Ningxia. The church education is powerful driving force which promoted Chinese education modernization, the modern education of Ningxia also began in the church education.This part analyzed that CICM persevered in educationaltradition form paying attention to primary school education,adhering to women’s education and sticking to charitable education.and analyzed the educational reform of CICM form the church education localization,specialization,diversification, secularization and urbanization on the basis of education activities of CICM in Ningxia.In addition, this part from the angle of regional development re-examined the influence of education activities of CICM on modern Ningxia,and made an objectiveevaluation of the education of CICM.The fifth part:the education two flags of Simon of Ningxia in the republic of China. Most of people of two flag had a nomadism life,they were not interested in reading. In the early period of the republic of china, in addition to the church schools and national schools in Dengkou,there was no formal school in other parts of the two flag. Untill the republic medium term, the cause of education was improving driven by people from upper class. In the later period of the Republic of China,The central government also set up Frontier schools with the military value of two flags became more and more important. This part closely linked with people from upper class and the local education development, made detailed description on the development process of state schools of two flags, and analyzed the destruction of the two flag education they made form the central government and Ningxia provincial government. At last, it expounded the forming process of dual education system,and made a comparison between them.The sixth part:the new democratic education of Yanchi in the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia border region. New democratic education is the national, scientific and popular education which led by Chinese Communist Party and guided by the communist ideology. After liberation,the education of Yanchi made a positive change form GMT Ruling Area education to the new democratic education step by step. This part showed the developing track of new democratic education of Yanchi form the stage of development, education administration, education funds, and other aspects on the foundation that we expounded the urgency of education development. In addition,following the principle of seeking truth from facts,we summarizes insufficient and defect of the development of new democratic education of Yanchi in the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia border region during the Anti-Japanese War. And more importantly, through the comparative study with GMT Ruling Area education, we The development of presented new luminescent spot of the education of Yanchi in the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia border region.The seventh part:Ningxia diverse education during the period of the republic of China and social control. Education has two functions, one is to promote the development of social intelligence, another is to exert the social control. How to exert social control by means of education, its social control mechanisms include which links, how to evaluate the effect of education social control, all of that still need to do further exploration and research. This part build up a pluralistic education mechanism of social control in Ningxia during the period of the republic of China from the education funds, the selection of the teachers and intervention curriculum, and make the reasonable evaluation on the social control effect of Ningxia diversified education from the education funds, selection of teachers, curriculum intervention and the process of accepting of social control. |
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