Way Of Life And Rural Environmental Problems

Basing on a case study on L country of Shandong province, the article reviews the deep influence, which is the villagers’life style exerted on the environment, between the period that is before the1990s and after the1990s deliberately, then discusses the environmental right maintenance and the environmental governance pattern caused by the environment pollution in L country thoroughly as well. Next, this research answers the following two questions. Firstly, the different characteristics of the environment, which are in the different historical periods of the country, as well as the logical relevance between such characteristics and the country life and product style. Secondly, under the current circumstance, which is mainly consisted of the relationship between the extant life style and the country network, what are the structural and institutional dilemmas that are faced when administrating the environment pollution, what’s more, how the acquaintance ethics combined with the country rules function, meanwhile strengthen the pollution formation mechanism and the damage mechanism of the environment governance.The article advances the analysis under the interaction logic of the environment and the society, the environment and the economy, the environment and the institution. The researcher studies the above problems from the perspective of the relevance between the human’s survive way and the environment, and finally draws the conclusion that compared with the traditional villagers’, the modern villagers’ life style is more destructive. The modern villagers are both the producer as well as the consumer, no matter which role they are taking in, the villagers’ conduction is polluting the surrendering environment, in other word, as survivors the villagers are being to be destroyers. What’s worse the country society network, determined by the villagers’ current life way, also reinforces the harmful influence that the residents bring to the environment. Such harmful effects show up in the progress of the pollution governance. Here we are able to figure it out that as the destroyer and the victim at the same time the villagers keep a contradictory attitude toward the environment governance. On the one hand, they don’t repel the pollution governance, but on the contrary, being compelled by the survival, they have to be the victim without choice.The formation of the rural environment problem is caused by the unreasonable survive way, further, the irrational life way roots in the not yet coordinate and rational political and economic institution and the rural-urban dualistic social structure. The development of the market economy fasten the production operation under the capital logical, in this institution, profit is the eternal target pursued by people. As the main subject of the market economy, participators are supposed to exteriorize the own cost only if the external production cost less than the environment cost and the society cost generated by his own action choice. The essence of pursuing the profit of the capital limits the production system in how to maximize the benefits which can be seize up from the available environment, meanwhile, neglecting the subsequent environment problem and the price the whole society would pay. Interiorize the external cost is one key to such problem, unfortunately under the most circumstances, the public character of the environment leads the market regulation out of efficacy. Hence, the government is supposed to take the burden when faced with the environment protection, and in order to cut up the cost externalize channel, combine the legal measure with the policy to standardize the market conduction, and thus, construct the benign interaction between the economy and the environment, also make the economic operation successfully and orderly. However, in the reality, the government always takes a role as the promoter of the rapid development, such mal-position of the government’s social role leads to it being a part of the "treadmill of production" intentionally or unconsciously, and together with the other market subjects, being the both wings of the "treadmill of production", finally, making it forward smoothly. The society sometime feels incompetent under the power that of the government and the market, meanwhile, when thinking of the own-benefit pursuit and the satisfaction of the growing consumption desire, the society would yield to this "treadmill". Under the peculiar dualistic of China, the key point of the economic development and the environment governance is in the city, and the policy of the environment governance are generally based on the city development and the industry pollution, thus, the rural environment governance has no suitable law. The country society, under such a rapid transition, are being deconstructed by the capital logic, and the village unit, consisted of the villager structure, are beginning to be weaken caused by the gradual outflow of the residents.Through the research we can point out that the rural environment problem is a complicity brought about by the discordant interaction among the economic, institution, and society, therefore, the outlet of such dilemma is to establish a bilateral control system of the market and the government in order to interiorize the external cost. And put the "polluter pays" in to practice under the relevant policies, while invest the rural environment governance more, transit the current rural-urban dualistic social structure and try to rebuild the country society order. After all, all these governance policies can’t come true without the villagers’ participation, only after mobilize the villagers’ enthusiasm, respect, excavate the villagers’wisdom can find the key to such environment governance.Besides, this article have tried to use the "livers to be the destroyers" theory and "living environmentalism" theory. After the study, in China, the situation differs from that in Japan. Especially in the case referred in this article, the two theories are not likely to explain the real condition incisively, hence, the researcher expand them to be "survivors to be the destroyers" and "surviving environmentalism", for the sake of according with the native practice in China.