Research On The Influence Of Income Level On Population Development

The matter of income has always been the key issue concerned by the economists while that of population development is the hot issue studied by the demographers. As we know, although there are many factors to influence population development, the income level is no doubt an important one in this respect and there is close connection between the issue of income and population development. However, very limited researches on the influence of income level on population development have been made nowadays in the academic circle. Understanding the influence of income level on population development theoretically could provide theoretical basis for the reform of income distribution system and the strategy of population development of our nation, according to which the reasonable suggestions could be made.The problems on which this paper tries to make out are as follows. What is the relationship between income level and population development? What specific influences does income level have on population development? What negative effects does the problems existing in income of our nation have on population development? How should we solve the problems above in both theoretical and systematic aspects?This paper systematically analyzes the influence of income level on population development through multiple methods of combing induction and deduction, normative analysis, literature study, case study and interdisciplinary study, etc. It mainly includes the following aspects:1. The related concepts of the paper have been analyzed. The connotations of income, income level, income distribution and income distribution system have been defined and the classification standards of primary distribution and redistribution have been modified. The connotations of people and population, people’s development and population development, sustainable population development, modernization of population and balanced population development and also the basis of this paper’s choice of the concept of population development have been made clear, make the concept of social justice and related concepts clear.2. The present research situation both at home and abroad has been reviewed. The value and insufficiency of the researches as well as the reason why this paper chose the selected topic have been pointed out.3. The related basic theories of this paper have been analyzed, including the theory and system of income distribution, the related theories of population development and social justice. These theories become the theoretical basis of this paper and its suggestions on the system. The part of the evaluation index system of population development is the basis of the analysis of the population development in other chapters of the paper. In the aspect of income distribution and social justice, this paper has pointed out that the "inverted-U hypothesis" is less the economic law than the social law or law of policy and the viewpoint of making the so-called turning point relying on the law of market economy is in fact that of hindering the reform of income distribution and speaking in favor of the vested interest group; justice is not equal to freedom and judging them as the same in fact maintains the existing unjust distribution; the redistribution is ethically legitimate because of the phenomenons of "logic of the strong" and the "accumulative effect"; it is less true to the original if the level of richness and poverty is judged by the Engel’s Coefficient than by the standard of "necessary consumption coefficient"; it is ethically reasonable for those who takes more resources especially the basic resources to pay more taxes.4. The logical connotation between income level and population development has been analyzed from the theoretical view of Marxism and the western economics. The historical connection among the social transformation, income level and population development from the end of primitive society to the age of capitalism has also been discussed through the historical view. The HDI of2011has been analyzed and to clarify the relationship between income level and population development according to HDI.5. The influence of income level on population development has been analyzed in detail. This paper points out that although the "dumbbell phenomenon" existing in the reality of birth is in conformity with the related principles of micro-economics of population, it proves that the income level is incompletely inversely proportional to the birth rate. It also points out that the education level of the population is not only related to the family’s income level, but also to the nation’s input and distribution of the educational resources. To the low-income population, the distribution of educational and medical resources in redistribution is even more important than the input of the family itself. The family’s income level is correlated positively with the life expectancy, so the income level has an overall influence on the life expectancy. In sex selection, the paper mentions that the so-called son preference just exists in some nations. If the factor of birth control is neglected, the explanation of son preference by the theory of the micro-economics of population will not work fully.6. The influence of income level on the harmonious development between population and the external relationship has been explained. The following aspects have been pointed out in the paper:in the stage of the normal development of economy, there is no necessary connection between economic growth and employment; economic factor is the main agent contributing to the flow of population and the economic development is not always correlated positively with the urbanization rate, which means it is easy to cause new problems if we try to develop economy by urbanization itself; China now has the problem of a big income gap which makes different situations of population development; there is no definite link between the level of economic development and divorce rate, so the situation that the divorce rate of the regions of our nation is generally in proportion to its economic development doesn’t mean the more developed economy it is, the higher divorce rate the region has, but the most likely is that the other contradictions concealed by the undeveloped economy has now been revealed through the development of economy; the cause of most crimes is related to the economic factor, so in order to solve the problem of high crime rate, it lies not only in the overall economic development, but more vital in making fair income distribution system; the income level determines the power on environmental protection, so if the basic problem of income is not solved and the relation between income and distribution is not made clear, the cost of development could be very high.7. The influence of income level on the development of different population groups has been analyzed, which shows in the aspects that the change of income distribution will cause corresponding changes in the amount and quality of different population groups; the income distribution has different influences on population groups of different income and the low-income population group is greatest influenced by it.8. The negative effects of the problems existing in income of our nation in current stage have on population development have been discussed. In this part, the paper points out that the main problem of income distribution is the excessive income gap, which is because of the unfair income distribution system. It also points out that there are problems of comparative solidification of population groups in different income level, unfavorable population development index and inharmonious relationship between population and the external factors in the population development of our nation, and all these problems are closely related to income distribution.9. The research of this paper has been concluded. According to the value orientation established by related theories, this paper has made suggestions on improving the related systems of our nation and pointed out the enlightenment we should get in this research in the end.The potential innovative points of this paper are as follows:1. It has made clear the real meaning of the related concepts, put forward personal viewpoints on some concepts and provided new viewpoints for the choice of index as well as the standard of weight of population development.2. It has mentioned and explained the "dumbbell phenomenon" in the reality of birth of our nation, pointing out that the income level is incompletely inversely proportional to the birth rate. For the application of micro-economics of population in the matter of birth, this paper has pointed out its theoretical boundary.3. It has proved the economic development is not always correlated positively with the urbanization rate, which means it is easy to cause new problems if we try to develop economy by urbanization itself. It also pointed out that the situation that the. divorce rate of the regions of our nation is generally in proportion to its economic development doesn’t mean the more developed economy it is, the higher divorce rate the region has, but the most likely is that the other contradictions concealed by the undeveloped economy has now been revealed through the development of economy. The above conclusions are not in consistent with the analysis of the other related scholars.4. It has put forward new points of view on the transition of the type of population reproduction of our nation in theoretical aspect. It has regarded result and nature as different matters; offered the theories of "logic of the strong" and "accumulative effect" in the market economy, improving the justice theory to some extent; put forward unique perception on the concept and connotation of "necessary consumption coefficient"; proved the standpoint that those who takes more resources must pay more taxes; pointed out the importance of theoretically making the standard of "distribution according to contribution". These different viewpoints have provided theoretical basis for adjusting and improving the related systems of population development and income distribution of our nation.