Lukács(Lukács, 1885-1971) is a famous Hungarian philosopher and literary critic, also the founder of traditional Western Marxism. He is one of the most famous and influenced ideologists in the twentieth century, his magnum opus History and Class Consciousness is honoured as "the bible of Western Marxism". Lukács has already realized the materialization, the class consciousness, and the totality dialectics of the history via his gifted theoretical sensitive pselaphesia ahead ten years of the the officially publishment of Marxian Economic-philosophic manuscript 1844, and then created the book named History and Class Consciousness. History and Class Consciousness plays an important role in the historical course of the development of Marxism ideology, its nucleus is embodied in three internal-related theoretical aspects of materialization, the totality dialectics and the class consciousness. The conception of materialization established the theoretical footstone for Lukács’ acutely criticizement to the capitalism; the capitalistic materialization structure leads to a duality of the real world to the separated natural world and the phenomenal world, they both specifically and historically unify in the application of totality dialectics; the proletariat as the identical subject--only when the object possesses the class consciousness by means of totality cognition, they can authentically achieve the liberation of mankind. The insight of the above three really reflects the maturity of the proletariat’s grasp of the Marxist theory, the possibility of the enterprise of human liberation is able to transform into an objectivity. The philosophic system that Lukács constructed in the History and Class Consciousness devoted more care for human endeavors: in the ontology, he set off from history, based on the generation of human beings, focused on the overall subsistence; in the dialectics, he emphasized on that human beings are specific entirety, highlighted the humanological dialectics; in the conception of society and history, he pointed out that the human society as human existence was the outcome of human’s active creation, it can be understood, grasped and dominated by human beings. History and Class Consciousness aimed at reconstructing Marxism, in order to rectification for the Marxist theory which the founder is absent; it also aimed at recovering the issue of eliminating the bourgeoisie philosophy "thing-in-itself" and "antinomy" in the Marxist legitimacy; it also aimed at arousing the subject as identity--the proletariat consciousness of the object, and recover the comat effectiveness against the propertied class. In the process of reconstructing Marxism, Lukács not only expressed the Marxism view on the sense of self-understanding, and also criticized the mechanical rigescent dogmatic "orthodox Marxism", further more started the appearance of free and energetic Marxism. Therefore, History and Class Consciousness is not only the key point to understand Lukács’ ideology, but also provides an important reference for deeply comprehending Marxism, also the key to the traditional Western Marxist ideology.This article takes Lukács’ History and Class Consciousness as the research subject; takes the three decades of reform and opening up domestic theorists’ study on Lukács’ History and Class Consciousness and the related thoughts as the theoretical background; takes the re-understanding of the intellectual context of Lukács’ History and Class Consciousness as the logical starting point; takes the re-contributing of the interpretive pedigree of Lukács’ History and Class Consciousness as the ideological basis; takes the recarding of the logical structure of the materialization, history totality dialectics and class consciousness as the basic idea; takes the reconstructing of the ideology and logical system of Lukács’ History and Class Consciousness as the main content; takes the comparison and rethinking of Lukács’ History and Class Consciousness and Marx’s Economic-Philosophic Manuscript 1844 as the researching methods; takes the highlighting of the consistency of ontology, epistemology, values and dialectics in Lukács’ History and Class Consciousness as the theoretical purport. Basing on the former thoughts, this article will discuss the following aspects:First of all, as philosophy is the elite of the zeitgeist, History and Class Consciousness as an influenced work necessarily relates a lot to its historical background. How to break through the theoretical directing dilemma while Marxism was encountering the frustration of the international communist movement in Western Europe, how to recover the orthodoxy of Marxism and rouse the revolution power and revolution fighting will of the proletariat, were the issues that Lukács was facing and working for solve it. Hence, starting out from the historical background and the ideological background of young Lukács, making a total grasp of his intellectual context, is very significant to understand Lukács’ History and Class Consciousness better. The frustration of the communist movement in Western Europe, the vulgar understanding of Marxism by the theorists of the Second International, the prevalence of neo-Kantianism and positivism and so much problems, all provide the historical background and ideological background for young Lukács to reconstruct the orthodoxy of Marxism on a new meaning level.Second, History and Class Consciousness as the work on Marxism dialectics is constituted by 8 articles. Although Lukács emphasized repeatedly that there was no "systematic scientific integrity", it still has "some certain actual relationships". In my opinion, such kind of arrangement is definitely not accidental, it must be on some purpose, there must be a logical connectivity to clarify the orthodox Marxism. The remodification and rearrangement reveals that Lukács just interpreted Marxism in a new way, reconstructed Marxism in a free style and criticized the standpoint and viewpoint of the so-called "orthodox Marxism" of the Second International by non-wrongness dialectics. Hence, by analyzing the text of History and Class Consciousness, through the ideological interpretation of the 8 different essays, we can integrally seize the orthodox Marxism on the sense of Lukács’ self-understanding, and at the same time clarify the bran-new explanatory style in the logical frame.Then, History and Class Consciousness as a complete theoretical work, there must be some integral logical arrangement and systematic framework among the conceptions. Someone thinks that Lukács is incompact during using the conceptions of "materialization", "history", "class consciousness", and " dialectics", the conceptions coexisted in consistent integral relations, though some relations exist in only particular conceptions. This article considers that History and Class Consciousness as a times masterpiece of young Lukács to reconstruct the orthodox Marxism, its thoughts must emphasize on the systematic construction, and there must be the integral logical consistence among the conceptions. Therefore, setting from the ideological logic, understand integrally the seeming incompact philosophy proposition in the logical frame of the re-interpretation, comprehend the Marxist understanding of each philosophy conception really expressing from the ideological depth, and how to serve the integral reconstruction of the orthodox Marxism. Setting out from the systematic reconstruction, I connect each philosophy conception dialectically, from the angle of philosophical basic frame, clarify the ideological expression of integral orthodox Marxism, so as to clearly perspect the meaning of orthodox Marxism that young Lukács wanted to express from the ideological crunode and systematic frame, and try to make a real ideological conversation with young Lukács.Finally, History and Class Consciousness as a times theory, there must be some faults and defects, but for us, as likewise trend to Marx, we should give it a pertinent evaluation from the angle of the contribution it makes to the development of Marxism, and excavate the things more valuable, more significant, and more serviceable to the development of time, rather than keep standing on the opposite of heresy, it does no good to us, and also unfair to it. Hence, to analyze and evaluate dialectically the young Lukács’ History and Class Consciousness on the whole, to feel the ideological shock of the talented comprehension, and the responsibility of the courage of challenging the authoritative intellectual, and the insistence of uncompromisingly defend the Marxism from our immediate concern. The cultural consciousness embodied from the criticism of modern metaphysics as an intellectual, the path consciousness embodied from the criticism of the orthodox Marxism as a revolutionist, and the ideological consciousness embodied from the construction of Marxist system as an ideologist, all of these are worthwhile for us to learn nowadays. |