Study On The Land Reform Of Shexian County

In the land reform revolution tide, Shexian County, located in the east of Taihang Mountain, at the junction of Shandong, Shanxi and Hebei provinces, it was the largest, the most consolidated Anti-Japanese base area, it had distinct characteristics in the process of land reform. The land reform of Shexian County had the characteristics of forward-looking and timeliness. The farmers’ participation in land reform and the struggle was particularly strong. In addition, influenced by the revolutionary situation, social environment, historical limitations and other objective conditions, the repeated twists and turns in the specific implementation process of Shexian County’s land reform policy could hardly be avoided. But the Chinese Communist Party had the ability of timely detection and correction of these problems. Although the land reform In Shexian County was carried out exploringly in the dark, but it had finally realized the goal of the cultivators having their lands. This was favorable to promote the political, economic and cultural innovation in Shexian County and enhanced the development of the cause of the liberation of Shexian County.The main contents of this paper are divided into four parts:Firstly, the specific implementation process of land reform in Shexian County is discussed chronologically in this paper. Above all, the overall social conditions in Shexian before the war of resistance against Japan is revealed through the introduction of Shexian’s geographical location, natural environment and land ownership, economic production, the political struggle in the county, with the emphasis on introducing and analyzing the relevant circumstances of the land occupied, and of the anti Japanese democratic regime, and revealed the objective reality of the political, economic, cultural and other aspects in Shexian County.Next, the movement of reduction of rent and interest in Shexian County and its effects are analyzed. The first movement of reduction of rent and interest in Shexian County is lead by 129 division of the Eighth Route Army Corps. This paper discusses the seven reduction of rent and interest and the clear debt movements from February 1938 to the summer of 1946 in Shexian County. Taking the tenancy relationship at that time as a starting point, combined with the implementation of "Interim Regulations on Land Use in the Border Area of Shangxi, Hebei, Shandong and Henan Provinces", this paper points out the effectiveness in weakening the feudal exploitation, mobilizing the farmers production enthusiasm, promoting farmers to emancipate the minds, promoting formation of farmers to support and join the army, forming the democratic atmosphere, consolidating and developing the Anti Japanese national united front, promoting the development of the new culture movement in rural areas, though the reduction of rent and interest rates in Shexian was not synchronized, and the land reform struggle was not the same with the rest of the country. In addition, this paper, taking rent reduction movement in Liao Cheng village as a case, reveals the specific path of the movement of reduction of rent and interest in, Shexian and focuses on the positive role of the movement of reduction of rent and interest of Liao Cheng village in the democracy construction there.Again, this paper discusses the implementation of "the five four directions" and the initial realization of "give the land to the tiller" in Shexian County. The movement of the anti traitor liquidation before the implementation of "the five four directions" severely punished the vicious landlords, the traitors, the bullies and feudal remnants. The farmers through the anti traitor liquidation movement, recognized the power of their own, which laid a good foundation for the issuing land reform smoothly. On the basis of these, this paper further explores and analyses land reform movement, unity consciousness self review movement, and three check feudalism movement in the Shexian County. And unity consciousness movement is the special land reform movement of Shexian county and Taihang Mountain area. This paper focuses on the typical village land reform of Yantou village and the land re-examination of Yuanqu village and Chi An village.Finally, combining the spirit of "The Outline of Land Law of China" with Shexian land reform practice, this paper explores the democratic fill movement and its final stage, together with the add and fill movement in Jingdian, Suobao, the land measure in Xida, the correction movement in Nanguan etc, and narrates the several key nodes of the land reform. It analyzes the enhancing effects of Ye Tao Meeting, Su Shan Conference of 1948, and the October County Cadres Expansion Conference on the land reform movement. A detailed discussion of the practice of land reform movement of Shexian county, with the combination of macro and micro, the policies of the Communist Party of China and Shexian land reform implementation is discussed.Secondly, the twists and turns in the land reform in Shexian County are discussed. In addition to putting these twists and turns interspersely to each chapter, the fifth chapter taking Gengle village as an example, reveals the causes, development processes and historical characteristics of the "left" deviation in Shexian land reform and also the timely correction of these errors by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). The error of Gengle village in land reform, aroused the attention of the County Party Committee, District Party Committee of Taihang Mountain, Border Region Government of Shanxi, Shandong, Hebei and Henan Provinces and even the central government attaches great importance to left leaning errors happened in Gengle village land reform. Through this revelation, this paper restores more objectively the negative impact of the land reform "left" leaning errors in terms of damage to the interests of farmers, destruction of the party members and cadres, hit of the industry and commerce in the area, and the timely correction of the mistakes by the Chinese Communist Party through redrawing the class composition, compensating the damaged interests of middle peasants and making up of the land and other measures. All these are genuinely displayed in the paper.Thirdly, Shexian County land reform is interpreted from the historical perspective. In this part, Shexian land reform of the specific historical events is analyzed under the background of the Chinese Communist Party’s agrarian policy evolution and the particularity of Shexian county land reform is highlighted. In analyzing the evolution of land policy in regard to the Chinese Communist Party, this part respectively expounds the land policies of the Chinese Communist Party during the First Revolutionary Civil War (Big Revolution), the Second Revolutionary Civil War (Land Revolution), the period of Anti Japanese War, the Third Revolutionary Civil War (the War of Liberation), the period after the founding of the People’s Republic of China; analyzes how the CCP formulated and implemented related flexible land policies according to the changes of historical conditions and social environment. This part focusing on the movement of reduction of rent and interest during the Anti Japanese War, and demonstrates the characteristics of complexity, roundabouts of the policy of reducing rent and interest in the specific implementation of the Communist Party by examples, then narrates the implementation of relevant Chinese land policies, not only in the field of economic reform, but also in the extension of reform to the political and social comprehensive reform in many fields such as society, culture and so on.In analyzing the land reform in Shexian County, a series of land policies of the Chinese Communist Party is discussed in Shexian County from the years of 1938 to 1949. Under the premise of following the policies of the Chinese Communist Party, in the concrete implementation process of land policy in Shexian, the local social, historical, geographical and other conditions of Shexian county is combined in the analysis. The author also compared the land reform of Shexian County and those of other areas and summarized the characteristics of Shexian County land reform:one is because the 129 division of the Eighth Route Army was stationed in Shexian County, coupled with that Shexian was the seat of the Border Region Government of Shanxi, Hebei, Shandong and Henan Provinces, so the land reform of the Communist Party of China in Shexian County had much influence and was forward-looking. Second is Shexian set out specific implementation of reduction of rent and interest rates and is not synchronized with other areas. The implementation of the reduction of rent and interest in Shexian County for the first time is February 1938, earlier than Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia, Central China and Shandong base areas. The forms of struggle of reduction of rent and interest in Shexian in the border areas of Jin Ji Lu Yu (Shanxi, Hebei, Shandong and Henan) are not the same with the rest of the country. They are mainly carried out through the anti corruption and anti bully, clearing up some old debts, implementing reasonable burden and solving the unsettled law cases, fighting the landlords’counterattack and borrowing grain movement, and the focus of the movement of the reduction of rent and interest in Junan County, Shandong Province, is granting land and increasing capital struggle. The third difference of Shexian County is that it resulted in the "left" inclination more prominent in the process of land reform compared with other areas of the country, in the implement of "the five four instructions", due to excessive dependence on the poor peasants and farm labourers, especially "the poor rules the world and say what is what", coupled with the mistaken belief that feudal exploitation was still serious in Shexian County. In implementing "The Outline of Land Law of China", the land was not put together and redistributed fairly, but adopted the method of "to redistribute the extremes without disturbing the middle", implemented the methods of "using the patches to mend the holes". Fourth, Shexian land reform always adhered to the principle to combine it with the mass production movement and provided material support for military struggle, always paid attention to the ideological and political education of farmers, mobilization and practice were closely linked. Five is through a comparison of the big environment and small environment, the principles of suiting one’s measures to local conditions, using specific analysis to deal with specific issues of the Chinese Communist Party are fully demonstrated in the practice of land policy implementation in Shexian County.Fourthly, in the conclusion part of the paper, not only the various chapters of the content are summarized and more in-depth analysis is carried out, the practical significance of Shexian County land reform is also discussed. No matter how time changes, no matter how production tools getting rid of the stale and bring forth the fresh, land is always the core bearer of the practice production tools. Therefore, even today agriculture is the foundation of national economy, and the land is one of the most important factors of social development. Therefore, though the study of Shexian County land reform is from the perspective of modern economic history as the starting point, the geographical environment of Shexian and land policies of the Chinese Communist Party in Shexian County are historically traced. Taking the land reform of Shexian as an example, the impact brought about by the land reform to change the ancient Chinese traditional land policy and the significance and positive influence on the development of Chinese history are explained. This study embodies the view of meta-history in history research, and on this basis, the practical reference significance of the land reform in Shexian County on land transfer and land use is explored.