The Research Of International Speads Of Chinese From The Perspective Of Ecolinguistics

Some researches in ecology of language have already shown that its interdisciplinary nature has afforded the theoretical and practical basis to develop a new field of linguistics research. From the perspective of ecolinguistics, this research has studied its commonsense characteristics on these aspects, the Chinese and the world language system, the international spread of Chinese and the ecology of the world languages, the ecological features of Chinese international spread and the language ecological view of the international spread of Chinese, and so on to form the general framework of the research of international spreads of Chinese from the perspective of ecolinguistics.The world language system is consisted of World languages, which shows its basic characteristics of diversity, structuredness, and dynamic. Through internal contact and certain orders, the world language system has made the various world languages into an organic integrity. They are interrelated, interaction and mutual checks. Chinese as a member of the world’s language system, not only has the commonality of language systems, but also has its special character, not only subject to each characteristic of the system, but also serve each characteristic. In the world’s language system, the status of Chinese and other languages is on equal terms. In essence, neither it is advanced with a certain language, nor it falls behind a particular language. Owing to the causes of the history, the population, Chinese has become an important language in the world language system, but when it comes to the status quo, it is neither the dominant language nor an international language.Through the research of the relationship between language and the ecological environment, the favorable development of the world language system is also reflected and restricted by the environment of the ecology of language. The ecological environment of language has both the natural attributes and social attributes. It includes the concept of environment on the significance of biology, the social conditions in the social sciences, and also the relationship between languages. A healthy environment of the ecology of language consisted of both natural factors and social factors should be an common space to protect the diversity and the equal development of language. In the mutual effects of world language system and the environment of the ecology of language, it forms the characteristics of world ecological language:the development of the ecology of language is out-off-balance, and the rapid expansion of English aggravates the imbalanced phenomena. In the context of the characteristics of the ecology of this language, the spread of Chinese has a profound ecological motivation:basis of its own needs of development, the maintenance of demands for world cultural diversity, and response to the needs of the spread of other national languages.Compared to the longitudinal research of early stage’s Chinese international spread and two periods’in modern times, we can make a conclusion that the foreign exchange in early Chinese international spread and religious factors which are both great impetus in the process of Chinese international spread are also the most important path of early Chinese international spread. Whereas in modern times in the international spread of Chinese, the Chinese teaching to students who study in china, the overseas Chinese education, and Confucius Institute have become the main forces. Through the analysis of the propagation factors, we can sketch out the rough context of the long Chinese history of Chinese international spread.After anglicizing the diachronic comparison research of the international spread of Chinese, we found that there is a clear difference between these two periods such as the limitation of the spread or the accepted groups. However, the common factors during the spread are also obvious. Firstly, the fundamental driving force of the Chinese international spread derived from the right lingual value of Chinese. The ups and downs of the Chinese international spread show that the lingual value of Chinese will have a consequence for the spread’s depth and breadth because a language is usually appreciated for its country’s development on its politics, economics, and culture. Secondly, in spite of the different emphases, Chinese international spread always goes in a mild way.According to the brief historical accounting, the Chinese international spread has established a healthy competition and co-evolution view of the ecology, which consists of three components:first, the eco-philosophy view from the the traditional Chinese conception which mainly reflected in the "Heaven" theory of Confucius, the "return to nature, imitation from nation" theory from Taoism and the" creatures are equal" theory of Buddhism. The second is "healthy competition" concept in the spread of Chinese Language which is mainly reflected in the equal outlook in Chinese policy of spreading its language; focusing on a peaceful development to enhance the competitiveness of Chinese; concerning about the needs of Chinese-accepted countries. The third is the co-evolution concept. The analysis of the difference between the language competition and the natural biological competition indicates that eco-evolution is possible in languages’competition. Meanwhile, the wide spread of Chinese characters proves that the international spread of Chinese did not weaken those countries’ own languages, whereas promoted the development of the local languages. Thus the spread of Chinese characters is the most compelling evidence of eco-evolution in the history of language spreading. Therefore, there is a qualitative difference between a language’s international spread and a language expansion. A language’s international spreading does not mean to endanger the living space of other languages as long as the method is appropriate. As to the spread of Chinese, it always takes the responsibility of maintain the eco-balance of the world’s languages, fulfilling the eco-value of language spreading and the principle of healthy competition and eco-evolution and establishing a ecological way of modern language spreading.