Study On Anyang Dialect’s Grammar

Anyang is located in the north of Henan province and marches with Shanxi province. The urban dialect belongs to Jin dialect. This dissertation mainly adopts the method of descriptive linguistics to research on morphologies such as affixes、overlapping and sentence syntactic projects such as aspect、 disposal sentence etc. The main research contents include eight grammar types which are affix、 overlapping、aspect、interrogative sentence、pronouns、position and displacement、disposal and passive sentences、characteristic function.This dissertation focuses on a comparative study of different dialects in synchronic level. Compared with mandarin Chinese, the affix"de(的)"is not only equal to the affix "zi(子)’" in mandarin Chinese but also can be used to form the interrogative pronoun "sha de(啥的)’". "sha(啥)”and "sha de(啥的)”express respectively replacement and difference. In the view of development of language and the comparison of different dialects, the affix "er(儿)" in Anyang dialects is in the middle stage of development. The affix of "er" will make a retroflexion of the preceding vowel according to the pronunciation of preceding finals. "ge(圪)" is an affix having distinctive feature of Jin dialect. The words with the affix of "ge(圪)" which show the characteristic of marginal zone of Jin dialect are less than those of Jin hinterland. The overlapping types of Anyang dialect are richer than mandarin Chinese and Some types are not found in mandarin Chinese. For an example, the overlapping form of noun. add the affix "er(儿)’" to constitute "A er(儿)A er(儿)”structure which can be used as attributive and indicate having the feature of "A" character.There are 8 kinds of aspects in Anyang dialect. In compare with other dialects and mandarin Chinese, the dissertation reveals the aspects traits of anyang dialect. To some important aspect markers, such as "de(的)""lei(嘞)”"zhe(着)’""la(啦)""lao(咾)" "ye(也)”, combining synchronic and diachronic study, the dissertation explore their characteristics and their sources. In Anyang dialect, there is a characteristic aspect "future" which denotes that things will happen. It is not seen in mandarin Chinese and other dialects.The pronouns in Anyang dialect are rich and regular. Through a comparative study with other dialects, we found that the pronouns of Anyang dialect shows more characteristics of the Central Plains mandarin. Because the similarity is not about some words, we speculate that the similarity is not result from contacting with the Central Plains mandarin. It should be the deposition of the Central Plains mandarin in history.Disposal marker "lian(连)”and passive marker "jiao(叫)”are characteristics. We had a research and analysis to a huge number of sentences with the method of historical linguistics. That help us find out the marker "lian(连)”how to evolve from denoting connect justice to showing disposition. It is beneficial to the study on the disposal sentences of mandarin and dialects. There is a kind of sentence pattern that consist of disposal sentence and passive sentence which is the character of Jin dialect.There is no completely corresponding interrogative sentences in Anyang dialect with "ma(吗)”interrogative sentence in mandarin. There are many formats of positive and negative question sentences in Anyang dialect, but the right and wrong question sentences develop greatly. We discussed the historical reasons of being lack of "ma(吗)" interrogative sentence in Anyang dialect and explored the development of the positive and negative question sentences in Anyang dialect. It is believed that the "me(么)’" interrogative sentences just inherited part of function that "mo(麽)”interrogative sentences in language developing history and denoted not "yes" or "no" question. The format "VP-neg" denoted the function of true question.In the dialect research of the past, we almost never see position and displacement expression research and we made a try in this dissertation. Some reference to qi hu Yang (1998)’s ideas and methods of research on mandarin space. Expression of the locations in Anyang dialect were investigated. We distinguished the static and dynamic description of position sentences and focused on researching of displacement mode in Anyang dialect. It was found that the displacement sentences containing "ang(昂)”and "lei(嘞)”achieved the grammatical meaning by the means of grammaticalization. Compared with other dialects in lateral, it is found that this means existed in a variety of dialects while there are some differences in the development process. "lei(嘞)" "donger(动儿)" "beza(不咋)”are three function words of Anyang dialect."lei(嘞)”has 6 types of 9 kinds of usage in Anyang dialect. The phenomenon of same phonetic forms bearing numerous grammatical is rare in mandarin and other dialects. "dong er(动儿)’"is the auxiliary word expressing time meaning. "beza：不咋)" in Anyang dialect is not only a modal particle equivalent to "ba(吧)" in mandarin, but used as a topic marker and even being in an interrogative sentence.This dissertation considers the methodology of studying dialect grammar. We agree with the idea of combining mandarin、dialect and the ancient Chinese and we believe that the comparative method in studying dialect grammar very important. With longitudinal comparison between ancient Chinese and modern Chinese and transverse comparison among different dialects can we make more accurate and more clearly dialect features. In addition, studying dialect grammar combining sound is very useful.