| Modern lifestyle includes many new qualitative elements, therefore, tourism becomes an integral part of life and one of the important characteristics of modern lifestyles, the development of tourism has become a beautiful landscape of life. But when people felt the fun of traveling, they also felt the alienation of modern tourism. The so-called tourism alienation is a contradicted or stressful life-like state that people face in real life, specifically refers to in the process of people’s realizing their true value through tourism activities, tourism reversely does harm to people themselves as working in a hostile alien force or a negative value. Alienation reflects the phenomenon of modern life, but this is not reflected in the perspective of a purely description or recording. The concept of alienation implies a very rich value connotation, and is in a value category, which embodies a very rich value criticism and guiding. Therefore, tourism alienation also characterizes the value misunderstanding of modern tourism (such as one-sided emphasis on the economic value of tourism, one-sided emphasis on personal or local interests, the one-sided highlight of people’s prominent initiative to nature).These value misunderstanding led to the widespread existence of tourism alienation, and its specific appearance is that people want to develop tourism to beautify the natural environment, create a favorable economic and social environment, and then promote the development of a harmonious and healthy society, but the real result is that the ecological environment has been destroyed, simple folk customs have been changed, religion and culture have been secularized, and the folk culture has been mutated. The purpose of people’s traveling is to get pleasure, but in the tourist routes designed by travel agencies, visitors are always in a race against time, having no time to savor the tourist attractions. In every tourist season, tourist attractions are overcrowding, tourism facilities are inadequate, and tourists are complaining. Tourism is an activity to promote communication between people, and promote interpersonal harmony, but now the reports are common on the conflicts between scenic tourists and tourists, visitors and destination residents, tourists and tour operators. Tourism becomes noisy and restless from the original peace and quietness. Therefore, in tourism activities, how to protect the environment, how to protect the interests of tourists, travel organizers and the tourism resources developers, and how to regulate conflicts between different stakeholders are problems addressed before us to solve urgently. In order to solve these problems so that to realize tourism in the true sense, the harmony between man and man, the harmony between man and nature and the harmony between man and self must be achieved through these three angles of returning to human beings themselves, returning to nature and returning to society. About the harmony of these three aspects, there are many thoughts of Chinese traditional ethics resources worth learning from.First, the significance of the traditional "view of human relations" on the construction of modern tourism ethics is explored. Relationships are the fundamental concepts based on the meaning of human existence, and corroboration of the man’s own existence style and value. If the trajectory of the existence and development of relationships of Chinese traditional ethics in the sense of survival were examined from the essential and primary perspective, it can be seen from the traditional Chinese society that human relations rooted in families’kinship of interpret the ultimate pursuit of Chinese traditional relationships---interpersonal harmony in the process of development and recognition. Confucians called the traditional social relationships between people as human relations, believing there are five most typical human relations-five cardinal relationships between husband and wife, father and son, between brothers, emperor and officials and between friends in the ancient Chinese society. Confucianism advocates regulating these five human relationships through ethics to achieve harmony between people, and ultimately to achieve the purpose of social harmony and stability. Thus, the prominent feature of traditional Chinese concept of human relations is focusing on relationships between people, especially family relationships between people; emphasizing on people’s moral values; regarding love as the basic ethical principles of five internal human relations.Traditional Chinese Human Relation deeply influenced Chinese people’s thoughts, they always have a nostalgic feeling of their motherland and their homes, commonly known as "native complex", which is difficult to let go. This "Native complex" in reality gives birth to the mixing of deep emotion-family love, friendship, nostalgia, so that people feel the human warmth. The theme aroused out from Value of modern tourism is:Traveling without the neglecting of immersed emotions. But modern tourism neglected emotional needs, resulting in the generating of the "tourism type of rejecting of the old ","friction-type tourism", and "occlusion tourism" generation. In order to learn the essence of the traditional concept of human relations to promote the harmony between people in tourism, mjodern tourism should make efforts in the following aspects:trips with farriily love, outings to find friendship and travels to promote harmony.Secondly, the significance of traditional "view of nature" to the construction of Modern Tourism Ethics is explored. Traveling is not just a process of seeking interpersonal communication, but also a process of seeking to communicate with nature In the traveling process, when people are wandering around in the landscape, what kind of mentality should be have to observe nature, wh4t kind of behavior should be have to deal with nature, and how to treat the relationship between man and nature, etc., which are relied on the modern tourism ethics to answer.China is a large agricultural country since ancient times. In the long-term agricultural production practice, people not only had a profound emotion to nature, but also the closely observation and sentiment to nature, which form from those simple life experiences to the Chinese the traditional view of nature through refining and developing by the thinkers. The traditional Chinese view of nature is the reflection of the ecological and survival wisdom of the Chinese nation and has significant implications on how to treat and deal with the relationship between man and nature for modern people. Traditional Confucian view of nature is mainly reflected in three levels, the first one is the level of metaphysical ontology, emphasizing respect for sky and land and having the natural basis; the second one is the level of values, promoting equality of man and the universe; the last one is the level in specific codes of conduct, advocating the solar term use and ban in seasons. Taoist view of nature has a very evident aspect of the modern radical environmentalism, which urging the digestion of human subjectivity. Buddhist view of nature is reflected in its the concept such as "all creatures are equal","compassion in relieving the world" and so on, as well as practical activities for self-cultivation such as "prohibiting killing and protecting all the living" and "quitting eating meat, feeding with vegetables" and so on.The reverence, loving and respecting of nature in Chinese Traditional Ethics deeply influenced the ancient Chinese tourism, especially the ancient literati trips. The traditional view of nature condensed into landscape feelings, which became a glamorous picture of ancient Chinese tourism. The landscape feelings of ancient literati reflect the significance of the ancient Chinese tourism from a unique perspective: embodiment of passions and significance, soothing and being detached and apperception and settling. The spiritual interaction between ancient Chinese literati and landscapes let us realize that when people put themselves in a correct posture, landscape trip will be a spiritual feast. So in the development process of modern tourism, people should keep balance and harmony with nature, appreciate and take care of nature, improve self and the universe in the natural journey, find the mental and physical balance in tourism, therefore, reaching the purpose to enhance oneself.Thirdly, the significance of traditional "self-concept" for the construction of Modern Tourism Ethics is explored. If the value dimension of tourism is manifested as "no neglecting of passions", namely not forgetting affection and nostalgia from the perspective of interpersonal coordination and "no neglecting of beauty", namely not ignoring and destroying the beauty from the perspective of the relationship between man and nature, therefore, the value dimension of tourism should be manifested as "no neglecting of self, namely not self-indulgence and disoriented from the perspective of individual’s self relations."No neglecting of self" in the modern tourism means that the modern tourism should take the responsibility and the significance of bearing and settling the individual life. To realize this, the modern tourism must be guided with the right concept of self. Chinese traditional culture is also able to provide important value support and significance of mentoring in this regard."Self-concept" is the self-awareness and judgment, which basically consists of two aspects. The first one is the self recognizing that understanding and grasping the physical and mental individual condition and the individual characteristics within the framework of a certain relationship. The second is the self-value judgments, that is, the confirmation of the value goals of life and one should choose or reach. Specifically, the self-concept can be reflected out through the following three propositions:"Who am I"-intended to "distinguish me";"who I should be"-intended to "encourage me";"How should I become who am I"-intended to "realize me." From Chinese traditional "self-concept", China attaches great importance to people’s inner cultivation, which is the moral quality improvement. Meanwhile, the self-concept also reflects Chinese people’s solutions and introspective of value and meaning of life. This sense of solution and introspective also reflects on many dimensions of the reality life nowadays, which naturally affected the Chinese traditional tourism. Therefore, Chinese traditional tourism attached great importance to the taste and connotation of tourism, but not regarded it just as a bumpy removed on a journey, that is, not for the pursuit of the existence of "on my way", but rather the focusing on the inner experience of life, and thus Chinese tradition tourism always has a connotation. In China, there is a very obvious value misunderstanding in modern tourism, which is "the disease of losing oneself, namely; tourism is the loss of self and forgetting self. The main manifestation is that traveling is not a nurturing of body and mind, but tired of self; traveling is not settling self, but self-indulgence; traveling is not self-improvement, but consuming self....... Based on these issues, modern tourism should propose such aspects in value-oriented guide combined with the essence of traditional concept of self:traveling is a pursuit of life, an important objective of people traveling out is to stay away from the dull and boring life at home, and look for a relaxed and enjoyable felling in the outside world, which is the dissatisfaction and shaking off fetters and chains of real life, and is the flying of spirit; traveling is a life experience, is a process of aesthetic experience and self-entertainment for the purpose of aesthetic pleasure, and is physical and mental experience of cultural sense in recreation and aesthetic experience; traveling is a spiritual pilgrimage, is a spiritual soul leisure activities for modern people exploring their own spiritual and cultural values to their "Holy Lands" to meet their psychological needs.Based on the above discussion, the three dimensions to extend modern tourism ethics is the dimension between man and man, the dimension between man and nature and the dimension between the self and self. The dimension between man and man requires that the development of modern tourism should focus on nurturing family love, developing friendship and promoting exchanges and harmony; the dimension between man and nature requires that the development of modern tourism must respect nature, love nature, and promote harmony between man and nature; the dimension between the self and self requires that tourists should develop a healthy lifestyle and promote self-round perfection. Therefore, we must follow the principle of people-oriented, emphasizing overall interests, and the protection of ecology, construct a reasonable and sound modern tourism ethics by the ways of reinforcing ethical and cultural construction of tourism, strengthening the education and publicity of tourism ethics, and improving the supervision and management mechanism of tourism. |
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