The Study On Mingchang Jinshi In Zhangzong Emperor Period Of Jin Dynasty

This essay is a systematical study of Mingchang Jinshi in Zhangzong Emperor ofJin Dynasty, from the aspect of Imperial Examination System in Jin Dynasty and thebackground of Mingchang Jinshi, to analyze the hometown, family, official careerchange of Mingchang Jinshi and their influence to the politics, economics, war,culture in the middle and late Jin Dynasty, then reveal the status and effect ofMingchang Jinshi in the late Jin Dynasty. This essay is divided into three parts:introduction, text and conclusion.In the first part, the introduction states the importance of this essay, the definitionof related items, then through the general statement and different research topics, toreview the related study of the essay, finish the academic stage conclusion and statethe research method of this essay, from which reveals the unsolved question,innovation and difficulties.In the second part, there is five chapters, the context can be summarized asfollowing:The first chapter is the basic situation of the Imperial Examination System inMingchang Period. First start from the Imperial Examination System evolvement,introducing the start and development of the Imperial Examination System for HanEthnic in Jin Dynasty, the start of the Imperial Examination System for NvzhenEthnic, the Imperial Examination System species in Jin Dynasty. Second is the votingsituation of Mingchang Jinshi, introducing the civil administration background of theenrolled Jinshi; the overall study of the Han Ethnic Jinshis, the Nvzhen Ce-lun Jinshi,the upgrade Jinshi and awarded Jinshi in Mingchang Period.The second chapter is the hometown and family of Jinshi in Mingchang Period.First is the analytical statistic of the hometown of Mingchang Jinshi. With statisticsand quantitative history method, to conclude the hometown distribution area withtable, summarizing that the Hedong area (Hedong South Road and Hedong NorthRoad), who is more flourishing, has more Jinshis, followed by the Hebei area (Hebei East Road and Hebei West Road, Damingfu Road), Luyu area (Shandong East Roadand Shandong West Road, Nanjing Road), Yanyun area (Zhongdu Road and XijingRoad), while the area who is larger, for example the Shangan area, Jinyuan area andLiaohai area (Shangjing Road, Dongjing Road, Beijing Road), has fewer Jinshis. Thisessay also studies the hometown of Mingchang Jinshi in the Zhou or Fu under therespective Road, with historical geography method to study the hometown distributionfeatures and reason of the Mingchang Jinshi. Second is the calculation of thebackground of Mingchang Jinshi, conluding that the Mingchang Jinshi mainly camefrom the common people family, some from middle and low official family, a fewfrom wealthy and powerful families or descendant of previous dynasty.The third chapter is the Jinshi official career. This chapter divides the MingchangJinshi into three parts to study: low official (from Rank Nine to Rank Seven), middleofficial (from Rank Six to Rank Four), high official (from Low Rank Three to RankOne). First is the analysis of the low official appointment condition, with statistics ofthe officials inside Capital and outside Capital, to analyze the compositon feature ofthe officials inside Capital and the distribution feature of the officials outside Capital.Second is the analysis of the middle official appointment condition, with statistics ofthe officials inside Capital and outside Capital, to analyze the compositon feature ofthe officials inside Capital and the distribution feature of the officials outside Capital.Third is the analysis of the high official appointment condition, with statistics of theofficials inside Capital and outside Capital, to analyze the compositon feature of theofficials inside Capital and the distribution feature of the officials outside Capital.From the aspect of traditional Nvzhen first policy, family origin factor, Jinshi enrollrank and the special historical environment in late Jin Dynasty to analyze theMingchang famous Jinshi, the traditional Nvzhen first policy is the crucial factor forthe Jinshi official career change, and personal talent, capacity is important factor forthe Jinshi official career development.The fourth chapter is the action and influence of the Jinshi in Mingchang Period.First is the political action of Jinshi in the central government, mainly through thethree aspects to introduct the political activity in the central government: the active role of the Jinshi in the central government construction, in the supervising system ofthe late Jin Dynasty, in the reward and punishment system, the attitude to theNvzheng Ethnic moving south. Then studies the political action and influence of theawarded Jinshi Xu Chiguo and his interest group, giving a new evalution to Jinshi XuChiguo, and analyzes the political position of the Mingchang Jinshi during the HuShahu rebellion and Shuhu Gaoqi dictatorship. Second is the study of the localadministration of Mingchang Jinshi, mainly from the aspects of involving in the localpeople’s livelihood management, the local security management and contribution tolocal culture and education. Third is the role of the Mingchang Jinshi in the war, mainthrough the dedication and fight against the war with Mongolia, with Southern SongDynasty in the war Taihe, Kaixi and Xingding. Strongly against the wrong policy ofJin Xuanzong to fight again the Southern Song Dynasty to occupy more land. Duringthe late Jin Dynasty, the anti-Jin rebellion is overall. The Jinshi in Mingchang Perioddefend in different Roads, crushing the uprising, fighting against rebellion. With nodoubt, the Jinshi in Mingchang Period played an active role in the late Jin fighting.The fifth chapter is the litterature creation and feature of the Jinshi in MingchangPeriod. According to the classification of Zhao Ming Selected Works, this essayclassifies and studies the litterature works of the Jinshi in Mingchang Period intoPoetry, Coushu（memorial to the throne）, Epitaph, Narrative and Preface. First is thestudy of the poetry of the Jinshi in Mingchang Period. On the basis of analyzingpoetry on the contribution of time and space, respectively conclude the poetryclassification and character, the poetry art features, then studies the reason for theformation and changing of the poetry creation feature. Second is the study of thecoushu of the Jinshi in Mingchang Period, summarizing the top of the coushu. On thebasis of analyzing poetry on the contribution of time and space, analyzing the coushuart features, then studies the time spirit and reason of the coushu. Third is the study ofthe narrative of the Jinshi in Mingchang Period. On the basis of analyzing narrative onthe contribution of time and space, studies the litterature and art value of narrative.The third part is conclusion to the whole essay on the basis of the introductionand text. First is the relationship between the Jinshis and the Imperial Examination System when the society and culture is flourishing under the Mingchang heydaysocial background. Second is the political, economical, cultural development statusthrough the hometown distribution and family of Mingchang Jinshis. Third is thestudy of the official career of the Jinshis, the political status of the Jinshis in the midand late Jin Dynasty, the disparity between the Jinshis of Han ethnic and Jin ethnic inofficial career. Fourth is the political behavior and litterature feature of the MingchangJinshis, the political, military, economical and cultural role of Mingchang Jinshis inthe State, the final fate of Mingchang Jinshis during the special historical period.