The Rise And Fall Of Power Between Zhou And Qin In Guanlong Region

Zhou people and Qin people rose successively in the region of Guanlong, on which as a core base they established new dynasties and created brilliant Civilization of Zhou and Qin. The reasons of being able to establish such outstanding achievement, have the relation to with Clan of Zhou and Qin’s unique spirits, such as self-improvement, forge ahead and actively explore, also we must admit that environmental characteristics and cultural complementary strengths played an important role in the process of formation and development of civilization of Zhou and Qin. With the withdrawal of Zhou people from the region of Guanlong, Qin people occupied the power vacuum left by Zhou. This process means significant changes in the balance of power between Zhou and Qin:Royal Zhou’s increasing decline and Qin people’s gradual rise.Since the middle and late time of West Zhou Dynasty, Zhou royal family was facing a series of domestic trouble and foreign invasion. On the one hand, the power of Rong Clan from Northwest frequently invaded the region of Guanlong, Zhou Royal Family, as the main force, tried to relieve this threat, sometimes taked the initiative, sometimes passive defense. Counterproductively, alien invasion did not decrease, but increasingly intense. The royal family consumed a lot of manpower, material and financial resources, which directly led to the crisis of finance, sources of troops and social structure. On the other hand, in the late of West Zhou Dynasty, a series of complex social issues appeared as results of natural calamities and man-made misfortunes, local vassal state springed up which ignored even challenged Zhou royal family, meanwhile some of the new trends of the times and changes began to appear.Duiring the reign of King Zhou Li and King Zhou Xuan, a series of historical events happened around Gong-he Administration. Most of these events happed in the region of Guanlong or had a close relationship with this region, and they are important parts of Zhou and Qin’s social change in the region of Guanlong. Exclusive Benefits Policy of King Zhou Li had a deep social roots, it was a Self-Salvation of Zhou royal family facing new social situation. The Revolt of City People was triggered by competition for economic benefits, and developed into an organized, premeditated, large-scale and prolonged political and military rebel movement. The word Gonghe during King Zhou Li and King Zhou Xuan means the historical figure of Earl Gong He and also the particular historical period named afer him. Gong-he Administration means a trio provisional councils and a historical event, scilicet, Earl Gong He as nominally Archon, Duke Zhou and Zhao as actual executors.Qin Clan and Qin People are two concepts closely linked but not the same. Qin Clan has specific and stable connotation, generally refers to clan members of Qin among which existed or close or distant kinship. Qin people were complex clan community which take Qin Clan as core and dominant, it is a dynamic concept and varied in different periods. The members of Qin people had more complex identities, they may not had kinship, even had some differences in mode of production, lifestyle and social customs.The concept "Clan Origin of Qin People " was accustomed used by scholars, but it has great ambiguity, it should be replaced by "Clan Origin of Ying Qin". Although We can say that Qin Clan once come from the East, we shouldn’t say Qin People was from the East, because the overall characteristics of Qin civilization should be classified as the Guanlong cultural system of west. Along with the new material has been found and the deepening of the related studies, the historical development clew of Qin people have become clear gradually.The view that Qin Clan originated from the east has got more material support and more detailed demonstration. Although the view that Qin Clan originated from the west can not be completely denied now, and there are still many scholars insist on this view, the scholars that agree with the view that Qin Clan originated from the east have become more and more.Civilization Qin is an unique cultural system created by Qin people in the Region of Guanlong and then spread to the sphere of influence of Qin People. The earliest time of the formation of Qin Culture can be considered between Shang and Zhou Dynasties, while its demise time is dificult to be made clear, we can generalize and say that the main part of Qin Culture was gradually being replaced by a emerging Culture of Han in the early years of the West Han Dynasty. The time span of Early Qin Culture is from Shang and Zhou Dynasties when Zhongyu, ancestor of Qin, was defending the western border, until the time between West Zhou and East Zhou Dynasties, when Monarch Wen of Qin entered Guanzhong Plain and then carried out a series of new policies. Early Qin Culture is the history culture and cultural relics which were created, absorbed, spread and utilized by Qin People.Actually, Quanqiu and West Quanqiu mentioned in Shi Ji were two places of West and East. Quanqiu was in Xingping of Shanxi province and it was also called Huaili Quanqiu by later generations. West Quanqiu was in Lixian of Gansu province. It was West Quanqiu not Quanqiu that Qin People chose as one of their capitals. Huaili Quanqiu was also an important life stronghold in early times of Qin People, but before Monarch Zhuang of Qin, it was only a long-term residence of one part of Qin People named Cheng, the eldest son of Daluo, this place was not closely linked to the other part of Qin named Feizi. Although King Zhou Xuan have given the place of Daluo Quanqiu to Monarch Zhuang of Qin, but it was not untill the Qin People who inherited from Feizi went into Guanzhong, they controlled Quanqiu completely. Before that, Quanqiu had been only an enclave to them before entry.Hexi Corridor region was in close proximity with the reigon of Guanlong, but this place was never controlled by Qin government until its downfall. Mainly for the following three reasons:first, the small scale agricultural development and the backward social development of the Hexi region were difficult to arouse Qin’s desire for westward expansion. Second, it was the East that Qin People put their focus of attention and learning, they had been fighting with the six kingdoms of the East, and afer have merged them, Qin People began to go on a large-scale expedition against Xiongnu from North and Yue People from South, they have greatly constrained the national power and concentration of Qin People, so that Qin People always have no time to expand to the region of hexi; Third, various Clan groups such as Yuezhi, Wusun, Di, Qiang settled down in the region of Hexi Corridor, they were powerful forces could not be ignored at that time, Although Qin People had merged the six kingdoms of the East, they had no enough strength to fight against the North, South and West simultaneously.