Research On Literary Translation In The Later Period Of Qing Dynasty And The Earlier Years Of Republic Of China From The Perspective Of Creative Treason

Literary translation exerts positive influence on our culture and literary. The literary translation during the later period of Qing Dynasty and the earlier years of Republic of China is the first upsurge of literay translation in the history of Chinese translation, witnessing the communicaton between Chinese culture and literature and western culture and literature. However, the literary translation in this period and the literary translators did not receive enough and decent attention because they weren’t loyal to original works during the process of translating. This kind of comment and the treatment they receive are unfair to both the works and the translators. In order to comment the literary translation in that period fairly and objectively, we should shift our focus from the comparision between the texts of the works to the analysis of the social and cultural environment and appeal of that period.On the basis of this recognition, this dissertation chooses as the cutting point "creative treason" which is very complicated in literary translation during the later period of Qing Dynasty and the earlier years of Republic of China, focuses on the influence and restraints which the social and cultural environment imposes on translation practice, and tries to answer the more important questions, such as "why is creative treason so popular in literary translation during the later period of Qing Dynasty and the earlier years of Republic of China?", "which factors of social culture decide the choices of translators?","why can these works of literary translation acquire enough existing space in Chinese culture? " and so on. To answer these questions, we have to understand that literary translation and the works of literary translation can not be judged only by the value of words and literature and the restraints and demands which social and cultural environment imposes on literary translation should be taken into account.Therefore, with "creative treason" as the cutting point of this research, the disserataion systematically analyzes and describes the phenomenon of creative treasion of literary translation during the later period of Qing Dynasty and the earlier years of Republic of China. And on this basis, it seeks to find out the reason and influence of the phenomenon of creative treason during the later period of Qing Dynasty and the earlier years of Republic of China. The whole dissertation falls into six parts.Introduction includes the literary review of "literary translation during the later period of Qing Dynasty and the earlier years of Republic of China"Chapter One gives an overall review of "literary translation during the later period of Qing Dynasty and the earlier years of Republic of China", analyzing the social background of this upsurge of literary transation and describing the three characteristic of the literary translation of this period which are pointing to the general characteristic of the literary transaction of this period, that is, creative treason.Chapter Two reseaches the phenomenon of creative treasion during the later period of Qing Dynasty and the earlier years of Republic of China from the perspective of ideology. In the social and cultural environment of the later period of Qing Dynasty and the earlier years of Republic of China, social ideology lakcing one mainstream ideology. This leads to the various and complex creative treason in literary translation of this period. In order to realize various goals, translators in this period rewrote the original texts of foreign literature, expressed their own opinions with help of translating texts, and thus resulted in obvious creative treasion in literary translation. The various and complicated creative treasion in this period not only embodies the collision and fusion of Chinese and western cultures, but also discloses the dilemma facing translators in this period that translators,on the one hand, tried to achieve certain goals with the help of foreign literature, and, on the other hand, they resisted in various ways when the ideology in foreign culture and literary collided with the ideology in the native land. Creative treason resulting from this situation recorded the thoughts, beliefs and behaviors of translators in this period when the nation suffered from great challenges and setbacks. This chapter first analyzes and summarizes various forms of creative treason manipulated by the factor of ideology, then analyze the specific creative treason manipulated by ideology in Lin Shu’s translated works, the three translated versions of The Isles of Greece and compare the two translated versions of Dicken’s David Copperfield by Lin Shu and Zhang Guruo. All the analysis is to make clear how ideology manupilated translators and led to various creative treason.Chapter Three reseaches the phenomenon of creative treasion during the later period of Qing Dynasty and the earlier years of Republic of China from the perspective of poetics. As the important component of the system of social culture, the literary system of target language society exerts important influence on literary translation. The literary system of original language and that of target language represents two different poetic specifications. In the translating process and in the communication between the two different poetic specifications, translators will inevitably understand the foreign poetic specifications with the pre-understanding of their own peortic specifications, which results in the misunderstanding of the foreign poetics and the creative treason in the translation of the foreign literary works. However, the literary system of the target language and the translating literary are mutually influenced. As one of the components of literary system of the target language, the literary translation system often forcefully pushes farword the development of the literary system of the target language. As to the national literature of China, literary translation was one of the important sources to nurture the modern writers of China and greatly promoted the modernization of our literature, accelerated China’s national literature’s step of being integrated into the world literature. This part mainly researches how the translators misread the original poetic specifications and make creative treason under the manipulation of the poetic specifications of the literary system of the target language society, and further analyze how the literary translation in this period facilitate the modernization of the literarue of the target language.Chapter Four probes into the role of the literary translation during the later period of Qing Dynasty and the earlier years of Republic of China in poromoting the modernization of China’s literature.The modernization of China’s literature stretches from later period of Qing Dynasty and the earlier years of Republic of China to the period of May 4th Movement. And the literary translation activities exerts great influence on the modernization of China’s literature, brings new and different factors into China’s literature in the aspects of literary concepts, literary framework, artistic expressing form and so on, and finally initiate the opening ceremony of the modernization of China’s literature.In Conclusion, the dissertation points out the important meaning value of the research of creative treason in literary translation.