Study On Industrialization Of Jingdezhen Porcelain Decorative Arts In Ming And Qing Dynasties

Decorative arts is a kind of cultural forms whch is closely related to specific nationality, age and social class of people’s life style, its function is not just to beautify the living environment, more important is that it can influence and shape people’s thought and spirit in the form of osmosis. Porcelain decoration just is one of the classic adornment art form, under the influence of a certain cultural tradition and the aesthetic trend of the era, it is composed of material, techniques, shape and decorative pattern, the first two provide material and technical condition for the latter two,and acquire the aesthetic art life. Following the rules of use value, the modeling carries certain physical and practical function in addition to aesthetic, decorative pattern is mainly of a certain age social ideology, aesthetic, religious beliefs and value ideal spiritual content. In this sense, porcelain decoration is the crystallization of science and art crafts, but because of its double function on material and spiritual, it also existence as the commodities on the market, its cultural and artistic connotation is able to getting inheritance and spread.Era of Ming and qing dynasty, due to the special factors such as social fashion, religion and aesthetic consciousness, Jingdezhen porcelain decorative arts had made remarkable achievements in the techniques, the modeling and decorative pattern.Due to the Setting of imperial royal factory, the royal family’ porcelain have a pursuit of excellence and high-end luxury, techniques, modeling and decorative pattern all tended to diversity of complicated, thus formed the unique style of decorative arts. And those aeriform in provided the precious resources on technology and art for the development of the civilian kiln ceramics, which contributed to the high prosperity of Jingdezhen porcelain industry.Techniques aspect, had a breakthrough in relatively single glaze decoration in tradition and formed a rich color glaze innovation varieties; The traditional tire body adornment further streamlined and often combined with color glaze; On the foundation of Yuan blue and white, colour painting of porcelain had a continuous innovation, colorful porcelain, bucket color porcelain, the enamel and rose porcelain gradually developed into the mainstream of porcelain decorative techniques.Decorative aspect, as a kind of art forms of people’s aesthetic concept and value ideal, due to the special requirements of different social groups, there were not only more abundant subject matter and content, the layout and the overall artistic style pattern also showed the characteristics of diversification. Including court with porcelain much affected by the hierarchy and the imperial court decorative painting wind in the decorative arts style; The literati with porcelain often were full of literati atmosphere and contacted more closely to the literati paintings; As for the people with the porcelain, the decorative pattern had more interaction with prints and paper cutting which were also belong to the folk art, it pay more attention to the expression of auspicious concept in which is full of folk art style; In order to adapt to the special needs of overseas markets, export porcelain shaped a special style in the decorative content and pattern in which the Chinese matched well with western culture.Those innovative development content of porcelain decoration arts in Ming and Qing dynasties were affected by the ruling class’s will, and the emergence was mainly adapted to the developed commodity economy at that time. The imperial royal factory is non commercial production, but it objectively promoted the development of the whole porcelain industry of Jingdezhen in the process of its own development.Facing the fierce market competition, the folk kiln of Jingdezhen diligently promoted their own core competitiveness:first, taken example by official kilns in the organization management mode; second, used a large number of excellent technical craftsman who were trained by official kilns to innovating production technology and product variety; thirdly, made use of the relevant information of high-end market which were provided by official kilns and the market at home and abroad which were provided by merchants, and then formed a targeted product market positioning; fourthly, on the basis of integrating various cultural resources coming from traditional and era, the domestic and foreign, innovated product variety and artistic style, and then raised the cultural and artistic connotation of porcelain decoration to meet the diversity of the changing market demand.Therefore, we can believe that, the industrialization of porcelain decoration arts is not only created a huge economic benefits in Ming and Qing dynasties, it also played an important role in the inheritance and transmission of traditional culture and in the international cultural exchange. It has left us a rich material culture heritage and craftsmanship non-material cultural heritage, and also provided a very valuable knowledge and experience for the development of culture art industry and the research in today.