Modern The Kazak Expression Modal Meaning Of The Experimental Research

Grammatical devices available of Kazakh (and in general of all Turkic languages) include morphology, word order, function words, duplication, intonation and zero marked forms, among which the subsystem of intonation remains open to further research. Intonation is a necessary and, in certain cases, the only means to express modal meanings. This investigation is based on a sampler of188simple sentences of frequent use in daily circumstances, where modal meanings seem to be expressed solely by way of intonation. Features like pitch, duration and intensity are identified and discussed within a pool of18different modal meanings to capture the correspondence between intonation patterns and mood.The first part consists of an overview of the status quo of the research on mood and intonation at home and abroad, a enumeration of criteria for sample selection and a description of the method applied in this study.The second part aims to find if intonation patterns of single sentences with the same modal meaning are influenced by their syntax and if those of one-word sentences by the number of syllables. Our first conclusion:the aforementioned features do not differ to a meaningful extent with declaratives, interrogatives of astonishment, imperatives and exclamatory sentences with different syntactical structures and the same result is observed with one-word sentences different in syllable numbers. Our2nd conclusion:Pitch values of declarative range between 6.7St-9.7St, a narrow distribution interval of180Hz-316Hz (17.9St-27.6St). Slight pitch inflections are observed of samples in concern, with gentle drops of intonation curves at sentence-final syllables. Except for mono-syllabic sentences, all samples show positive values in their upper-line declinations. Sentential accents fall on the end of sentences, this characteristic can be observed in three aspects:The last syllable or foot of a sentence shows the greatest pitch inflection; A sharper drop in the pitch curve occurs here, in contrast to the general trend of the curve; the duration is much longer then those of the rest parts of the sentence. Sentence stresses do not depend solely on the distribution of syllabic strength. In cases where no special stress is in concern, strengths of each syllable vary in parallel with the vowel sonorities, and, among syllables with the same vowel, the strengths change according to the qualities of the onset consonants. Our3rd conclusion:interrogatives of astonishment vary in tune between24.1St-25.9St, the widest distribution interval between149Hz-832Hz (14.6St-44.4St). Except for one-word sentences, flat curves from sentence initial to the middle show a sudden rise ranging from66.4%to96.7%. Sentence stress of interrogatives of astonishment falls on the end of a sentence and this is evident from the following observations:1) The sharpest change in pitch value occurs at the last syllable or foot of a sentence;21) Longer durations are observed at the last syllable or foot than the rest of the sentence;3) The last syllable or foot shows the highest intensity. Our4th conclusion:tunes of imperatives vary from11.6St-15.8St, a distribution interval between167Hz-400Hz (16.6St-31.8St). Sample sentences show a flat continuation at the onset, some slight inflections in the middle and then a sharp drop at sentence-final positions. Except for monosyllabic one-word sentences, the declination degree of the upper curve fluctuates between positive or negative, that of the lower curve vary between positive values from39.6%to86.5%. so the tune drop is determined by the lower curve of the pitch value. Certain correspondence is identified between imperative sentential stress and intensities of the syllables. When sentence stress falls on the final syllable or foot, this is evident from the higher intensity of the syllable or foot in question, the obvious difference in pitch value and the longer duration. Our5th conclusion: The exclamatory tune varies between10St-181.St, a wide distribution interval of183Hz-504Hz(16.2St-35.7St). Sample sentences show a flat rise in its upper pitch curve and a sharp drop in its lower pitch curve. Certain correspondence is observed between exclamatory sentential stress and intensities of the syllables, i.e., sentence-final foot is generally high, with a higher intensity and a longer duration.In the third part we tried to find the pattern of change in tune, duration and intensity in relation to ten subcategories of declaratives, and the correspondence between the modal meanings and the intonation pattern which express them. Our1st conclusion:a narrow tune range with one or two hierarchies are found in Kazakh sample sentences. Samples from most subcategories show a practically straight or slightly upward trend in the initial or middle of the curve and a slight or flat downward trend in different degrees at the sentence-final position. Our2nd conclusion:duration can be viewed as a distinctive feature for some subcategories and intensity for some others.In the fourth part we tried to find the pattern of change in tune, duration and intensity in relation to six subcategories of interrogatives, and the correspondence between the modal meanings and the intonation pattern which express them. Our1st conclusion:the widest tune range with2-5hierarchies are observed in Kazakh sample sentences. Samples from five of the total subcategories sentence-final rise in different degrees. Our2nd conclusion: duration can be viewed as a distinctive feature for some subcategories and intensity for only one.In the fifth part we tried to find the pattern of change in tune, duration and intensity in relation to declaratives of anger and of resolution, and the correspondence between the modal meanings and the intonation pattern which express them. Our1st conclusion:tune curves of these declaratives are almost identical except that a slight wider tune range and a sharper drop at the sentence-final position are found in declaratives of anger, whose duration as a whole and that of its syllables are longer than those of normal declaratives. Intensities of all (especially the final) syllables are higher than normal declaratives. All the feet and the sentence as a whole have longer durations than normal declaratives; intensities of all syllables are higher than those of declaratives.The6th part is a summary of the above results. Problems of this dissertation and possible improvements are also discussed here.Intonation pattern, a critical subsystem of grammar, reflects the complexity of modal meanings. Scientific measurement and integrated labeling of intonation features like pitch, intensity and duration is an impassible subject of great significance to language researchers.