| From Russian formalism in the beginning of20th century to structuralism in the middle of that century, the poetics changed a lot. Bakhtin’s thinking on poetics had his unique character. In this paper, Bakhtin’s thinking on poetics lead to anthropology poetics, because he always thought over most poetics issues in the point view of philosophical anthropology. In his early years, he focused on human’s existence which is the basic issue of philosophical anthropology, and claimed that human’s existence was unique. Meanwhile, he insisted on percipiencing the human existence issue by self-other dualism. On this basis, he proposed outsideness, and claimed that the other as an independent individual, was outside of me forever. That meant that each individual of human beings had its unique value, significance and role; meanwhile it had also its unbroken restrict, which called for a mutual dependent relationship.Bakhtin’s thinking on poetics issues expanded and extended surrounding outsideness, a overt or covert clue. It compared to the other poetics at the same time for its character of anthropology.After proposing outsideness, Bakhtin advocated that the criterion to judge an activity aesthetic one or not is whether the subject of this activity has outsideness position. And that determined that the author with outsideness position was the sticking point of aesthetical construction. To an author, he could not establish art creation without an outsideness position. Because to Bakhtin, aesthetic meant an whole and complete reaction to human beings, and that demanded the anther is outside of the hero. However, Bakhtin changed his standpoint quickly, and it occurred at the inconsistent evaluation on Dostoevsky’s novels. According to this paper, Bakhtin adjusted his outsideness and his poetics with his conception of human beings changing after he was influenced by study Dostoevsky’s novel. Most unshaped heroes in Dostoevsky’s novel influenced Bakhtin’s human point view a lot.The founding that there were people with concealed inner world and independent and developing self-consciousness made Bakhtin be awared that the author could not finish this kind of heroes in aesthetic way. It is that made Bakhtin propose polyphony novel theory which praised Dostoevsky’s novel. Accordingly, the content of outsideness was enriched and its key point transferred. The self-consciousness was emphasized unprecedentedly, and the other’s outsideness to me in comprehension behaved restrict rather than advantage.Concerning the developing history of European novel, Bakhtin focused on the changing of image of human beings and the adjustment of the author’s position. He claimed that in the tradition of the European novel, there was such a clue---private life appeared with self-consciousness increasing and strengthening and the complete externality of human being broken, so human being had different attitude to the life of his own and that of the others. That restricted the author’s position, angle of view and the creation of the image of human being. When self-consciousness and inner existence of human beings effected determinately, Dostoevsky and his polyphony novels displayed their best side. Then, Bakhtin raised paralinguistics as methodology of study on language, which mainly studied speech of two direction that was the special phenomena of art which basing on two subjects and consciousness existing at the same time.In the later years of Bakhtin, concerning comprehension of the other culture and literature, Bakhtin again changed emphasis point of outsideness. This time what Bakhtin emphasized was the unique value and role of self, so he hoped when comprehend the other culture and literature, people should keep his position, principle and world view, do not give up subject position and independent self-consciousness, and then to comprehend the other culture and literature creatively. At the last time of Bakhtin, he advocated comprehension based on outsideness as the methodology of the humanity.Wholly studying Bakhtin’s effort in outsidenss thinking and anthropology poetics establishing, we can discover that his criticizing to the cotemporary poetics which had great influence is precise. And in his criticizing, it is deeply impressed that he had remarkable academic imagination. However, it is impossible that coordination between anthropology poetics and outsideness is always occurred. We can make an example of the unsuccessful of polyphony novel theory. From this uncoordination, we can see that compatibility as a normal form of outsideness is not always satisfactory. Therefore, we should make the specific analysis to its contribution and restrict to develop our academic studying. |
