Heritage And The New Change

The Analects of Confucius is the key to understand the theory of Confucius. And the Study of The Analects of Confucius is an important branch of classics’studies. From Western Han to Northern Song, its textual explanations had been fulfilled, its meanings had been deeply learnt and its theories’constructions had been promoted. This dissertation focuses on these aspects and is divided into seven chapters which mainly introduced famous scholars and their classids to investigate the process, academic achievements and characteristics.In Western Han dynasty, the Study of The Analects of Confucius became properous after the enforcement of the policy’Only Confucianism’claimed by Han Wudi. Five versions of The Analects of Confucius at that time have been remained-Lu Analects of Confucius, Qi Analects of Confucius and Ancient Analects of Confucius, as well as He jian Analects of Confucius and The Analects of Confucius found in Han tomb of Dingzhou. Lu Analects of Confucius owned many masters which were good at practising doctrines and it was the most influential school at that time. Qi Analects of Confucius had much more chapters than others and emphasized both inner and outer human characters. Ancient Analects of Confucius had been evacuated later than others, but few scholars concentrated on it. Kong Anguo wrote the Explanations of The Analects of Confucius to examine words and research related histories and rites. Therefore, Ancient Analects of Confucius became conspicuous. An chang Marquis Zhang Yu combined Lu Analects of Confucius and Qi Analects of Confucius which made Marquis Zhang’s Analects of Confucius compete with Ancient Analects of Confucius in a long round.Eastern Han was the golden age for The Analects of Confucius. Bao Xian’s Exegesis of The Analects of Confucius was the representative of the school of New Text Confucius. He quoted the method of Er ya which classified synonyms to do explanations. Ma Rong’s Interpretations of Ancient Analects of Confucius inherited the traditions of Old Text Confucius in Western Han to promote the study of Ancient Analects of Confucius. In order to integrate Old Text and New Text of Confucius’explanations, Zheng Xuan combined and edited different types of Analects of Confucius. His book Commentary of Analects of Confucius which marked unity of different schools was specialized in texts’meanings, particularly in some ritual systems’researches.In Wei and Jin dynasties, the Study of Analects of Confucius was deeply changed because of the communications of Confucius and Daoism. However, there were some old traditions passed by. Wei Guan learnt the study of Ancient Analects of Confucius and disregarded New Text School and Zheng Xuan’s study to be accord with Wang Su’s thoughts. During the transition of Jin dynasties, Cai Mo’s Explanation of Analects of Confucius belonged to New Text School which was differ from Kong Anguo’s researches. His advantage was to meet current political situations and interpret meanings. Fan Ning was a master followed the Han’s tradition to create new annotations which adopted both New Text and Old Text theories.Communications between Confucianism and Daoism were the main stream in Wei and Jin dynasties. Besides, Metaphysics and Buddhism added new ideas into this study. In Wei dynasty, He Yan and Wang Bi used philosophy thoughts to explain Confucius. He Yan’s Annotation of Analects of Confucius chose all the elites’thoughts in Han and Wei dynasties. His main characteristic was to claim seclusion and’Wu (nonentity)’. Miu Pan also put some ideas of Daoism to research Coufucianism. Guo Xiang intergrated Confucianism which respected heaven and nature and Daoism which advocated’Wu wei (to do nothing)’In Eastern Jin dynasty, the dominant thought was to not only praise seclusion but also largely promote rites and laws which affected the Study of Analects of Confucius. Li Chong’s Anthology of Analects of Confucius aimed at solving worldly matters with the help of Daoism. He wanted to eliminate fame disputes by popularizing the idea’Cheng (sincere)’. Sun Chuo’s thoughts and expressions both followed Zhuang Zi School. Jiang Xi was the laster master in Jin dynasty. His researches on Analects of Confucius were the primary summary of the Study of Analects of Confucius. He claimed to unify human and society.In Southern dynasty, the study of Analects of Confucius proceeded in ways of Eastern Jin dynasty. Huang Kan’s Commentaries of Analects of Confucius was the famous book in this period. His thoughts were based on rites and morals and he also affirmed human nature which was used to judge different people.In Sui and Tang dynasties, how to intergrate academic thoughts was the main task. In Yan Shigu’s annotations of Han History, he wholely opposed Metaphysics. So his researches adopted many theories of Han and Wei dynasties, while he also did some modifications. After Middle Ages of Tang dynasty, scholars traced back the roots of An and Shi’s War and acquired fresh ideas about Confucius’thoughts. Han Yu and Li Ao’s book was the representative.In Northern Song dynasty, Xing Bing excluded other thoughts, only praised Confucianism. He used Huang Kan’s book as the original version and made creative ideas in political thoughts and morality. His book also marked the transition from Han School to Song School. Cheng Yi’s researches put Analects of Confucius into New Confucianism. His main method was to explain meanings by using classics which became the beginning of new academics.From Western Han to Northern Song, the Study of Analects of Confucius experienced such a development:from Han School, Metaphysics to School of pricinples. A lot of researches achievements were appeared and became unavoidable academic legacy.