The Crime And The Nature Of Bian Que

The primary research object of this paper is the argument between the Confucian ethical code and the nature, and the main question is how the argument with metaphysic meanings is generated. This paper attempts to concretely discuss the above topic from the perspective of Existentialism, by introducing the two-dimensional iedas of "human" and "history" into our thinking, probing into philosophically the concepts of "Confucian ethical code" and "nature" as well as the topic itself in the aspect of Existentialism, and revealing its profound connotation, in order to confirm its fundamental significance as the theme of s, and further to explore the possibilities of defining metaphysics in the Wei and Jin Period as the philosophy of noumenon from the perspective of Existentialism.Foremost reflections of this paper are based on the definition about the existential meanings of "Confucian ethical code". The basic viewpoints are as follows: First, from the perspective of Existentialism or Taoism,"Confucian ethical code" assumably includes two implications. On the one hand, it means order itself, serving as the ultimate basis of traditional society’s legality and rationality. On the other hand, it means the existence of traditional scholars, and constitutes scholars’ life itself and the fundamental basis of "presence" of traditional scholars in the traditional society. Second,"Confucian ethical code" is not a notional, empty or speculative concept, but one with practical and philosophical implications. This is reflected in its practicalness. Though it has functional difference from specific "items" and scholars’ moral practices, it displays its existence and meaning of existence through these "items" and practices, and is vividly and lively seen in the specific living activities of traditional scholars. Moreover, this is also reflected in its historical feature, which is vividly seen in the definite historical context. With different historical contexts,"Confucian ethical code" has different patterns, leading to different life styles od scholars. As for the distinction between "Confucian ethical codes" in the Han Dynasty and the Wei and Jin Period, we can say that the code in the former period was constructing but not finally established, however the code in the latter period has been established, constituting the historical existence of Wei and Jin society and also the scholars’ living existence as well as their basic life style.The thinking about "nature" in this paper is following that about "Confucian ethical codes". The basic viewpoints are as follows:First, the connotation of "nature" as a philosophical concept is the absolutely unconditional feature of things’ norm and order. From the perspective of Existentialism,"nature " has two implication. It implys the spontaneousness of the real world and its absolutely unconditional feature of norm and order in the world. At the same time, it is concretely and realistically manifested in human life and living activities as a rule of the real world and its operating way. So "nature" means absolutely unconditional feature of the existence of world’s norm and order in human life as well as above human living activities. That is to say,"nature" constitutes existence and practice basis for the absolutely unconditional feature of human life and its whole activities. Second,"nature" in the Wei and Jin Period has the character of "taken for granted". However, the character is based on the absolutely unconditional feature of the real world’s norm and order."nature" here still owns the spontaneous senses in the Taoism of pre-Qin times, and it is also reconstructed as the absolutely unconditional feature of the norm and order of "Confucian ethical code". It proves the absolutely unconditional feature of the codes and activities as well as the action in which scholars set codes as their life standard since Han Dynasty.The research about the argument between the Confucian ethical code and the nature in this paper is based on the probe into these two concepts from the aspect of Existentialism. After the research into Wang Bi’s theory of " Confucian ethical codes was from nature”(名教本于自然),Ji Kang’s theory of "exceeding the Confucian ethical code and giving the reins to nature"(越名教而任自然)and Guo Xiang’s theory of " Confucian ethical codes was nature"(自然即名教),the author of this paper has got the basic conclusions:the argument between the Confucian ethical code and the nature is not about some social and political outlook, but a topic with fundamental significance at the aspect of Existentialism. To some extent, we return to the Tang Yongtong’s viewpoint of "ontology". And this return is some kind of "reversion" or "reinterpretation" with meaning of Existentialism and with the foundation of mediation about the existence itself of "history" and "humans".