| The confusion of life and death has been hand in hand to accompany us since the birth of mankind, and it will not have the so-called standard answer to let go once and for all in the foreseeable future. Not only that, new challenges for the question of life and death occurs with the arrival of modern society, such as euthanasia, suicide, the standard of death, abortion, organ transplantation, human cloning and so on, which makes life and death problem more complicated and confusing. Charles Fu’s modern "life and death" was generated in this background. He researched life and death both ancient and modern, Chinese and foreign, standing in front of the wave of life research, and sketching out the system of Living-dying Wisdom with his rich academic accomplishment and deep insight into the life which shows a new, open-ended path and interpretations to this ancient and fresh question. Anchored along the wisdom of the road that the Charles Fu opened up for us, it is significant for us to understand, interpret and even answer to the problems of life and death better both in theory and practice. However, up to now, Charles Fu’s philosophy of life and death is still buried in his numerous life and death. The purpose of this dissertation is to sort out, to resolve the ideology of Charles Fu’s life and death philosophy to build the system of his life and death philosophy.This dissertation follows the train of thought of Charles Fu, uses his creation hermeneutics to refine the idea of life and death philosophy and constructs the philosophical system of life and death, including the seven aspects, such as, the methodology, metaphysics, the main concept, ontology, the relief on the philosophical, the modern Theory of Knowing. Details are as follows:Part Ⅰ:Introduction. This is the basis of preliminary studies, describing the theoretical and practical significance of the topics, reviewing the status of the Western study of death and the study of Charles Fu’s thought at home and abroad, and describing the main research methods used in this topic and basic research ideas.Part Ⅱ:The methodological issues of Charles Fu’s life and death philosophy. In methodology system of Charles Fu’s philosophy of life and death, the most prominent and important thing is his creation of hermeneutics which is divided into so-called:" what exactly did the original thinker or text say"、"what did the original thinker intend or mean to say "、" what could the original thinker have said "、" what should the original thinker have said "、" what must the original thinker say now ".The first three levels want to critically inherit and the rest two levels intend to create development. The methodological issues are used in the process of building on Charles Fu’s life and death philosophy system.Part Ⅲ:Metaphysical problems of Charles Fu’s life and death philosophy. This problem can be divided into broad and narrow at two levels:in the broadest sense, the metaphysics has the full scale of the assimilative life, and it is whole metaphysics; from the narrower sense, it focuses on the ultimate dimension of life and death issues, highlighting the reason that can shed light on the life and death. The former shows the width of its doctrine, the latter is the depth of its theory. Both of them combined, three-dimensional sense of the whole of life is shown; the two aspects supporting each other reflects the state of life flowing. Narrow sense of Charles Fu’s life and death philosophy the metaphysics include:existential subject、 soteriological and ontological, also is subject view、liberation theory、ontology theory of philosophy of Life-and-death. The three parts belong to supreme essence, but efforts theory and psychotherapy are secular essence. The former want to explain traditional, and the latter want to plan modern. Metaphysics contains all of the contents of the latter parts of this paper.Part Ⅵ:The main concept of the philosophy of Charles Fu life and death. This is the subject of the issues of life and death. In the West, with the avalanche of the traditional worldview of dualism, the spiritual home was destroyed, realism was to open up. Kierkegaard and Nietzsche, respectively, from faith and reason, each of them found a path to highlight the subjectivity of the existence, while Sartre inherited the essence of two theories, constructed both sides of the nature choice theory from the position of atheism; Herschel from the Jewish, that is the position of Christian theology, analyzed the people from the realism, which also demonstrated the existence of subjectivity. Defects of Sartre’s theory were the real subject which was absolutely free but no impetus to pursue "up". The existential subject of Herschel could only be saved relying on the grace of God. In traditional China, through the creative hermeneutics method, Charles Fu found out the main the natural choice theory—Mind-recognition theory that was roughly equal to or even more back to ancient times in traditional Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism than Western realism theory. On this basis, Charles Fu constructed a new theory of human nature—"from one heart to many ways". In view of the experience of the mind closely related to the ontological object in the time, this part also combed the evolution of the concept of time in Western philosophy, expounded the time of the Chinese Zen philosophy.Part V:The ontological and liberation theory of the philosophy of Charles Fu’s life and death. According to the distinction between God and divinity in the West, the dissertation divided the realm of life and death Moksa into three types:deiform, humanistic, deiform and humanistic conjoined conterminally. In the whole process of discussion, this dissertation found that its active role in increasingly highlighting the existence of the subject in cognitive and experience the ultimate truth and attainable, and the creation of relief. Traditional Confucian regards "Heaven" as the ultimate truth, and it pursues the happiness of the Hop Road; Taoism "Dao" as the ultimate truth, the peripateticism of Hop Road; Mahayana Buddhist Dharmas takes "empty","all such as such as" as the ultimate truth, and it pursues life and death namely Nirvana relief. Confucianism and Buddhism have the common ontology and relief to the logic Road:approving ultra-metaphysical ultimate truth, pursuing the state of liberation of life and death that recognized by inherent mind.Part VI:The efforts theory of Charles Fu’s Philosophy of Life and Death. Along the ideas of Charles Fu, borrowing the language of Mahayana Buddhism, the fourth and the fifth part belong to the level of "supreme morality", the sixth and seventh part are the "secular essence" level. The same as the previous part, the efforts theory of western life-and-death is divided to two parts:from spirit accomplishment to existentialism’s heart accomplishment; the different between redeemed from others and redeemed from self. We can know the efforts theory of western life-and-death become to pay close attention to existential subject’s authenticity choose in specific situation in the world and experience of subject, not yearning for God and religious ceremony in tradition. Traditional Confucian emphasize moral, traditional Taoist emphasize body, traditional Buddhist emphasize heart, their efforts theory is different, but its states are same.Part VII:The psychotherapy of Charles Fu’s life and death philosophy. Theory of Charles Fu’s want not only summary and refining our tradition thoughts but also to solve the problems of modern Chinese philosophy. After the logotherapy of Viktor Frankl and the Morita therapy, Charles Fu founded the mind and natural embodying psychotherapy, the theory based on the Chinese tradition thoughts and can benefit to moral China.Part Ⅷ:The complement to the system of Charles Fu’s life and death philosophy. Philosophical system of Charles Fu’s life and death has not been able to spread out in many ways. In this part it is supplemented mainly from four aspects:thoughts on the "theory between physical learning and metaphysics" philosophical system of Charles Fu’s life and death; the enlightements of Baudrillard’s view of life and death to philosophical system of Charles Fu’s life and death; language views of philosophical system of Charles Fu’s life and death; the relationship between philosophical system of Charles Fu’s life and death and Marxist philosophy.The last part is the conclusion of the paper. In this part Ⅰ shows the structure framework and innovations of this paper simply. |
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