| Uyghur medicine refers to the Uyghur who live in northwest China on the basis of traditional culture and medical diagnosis and treatment, combining with the characteristics of local climate, diet, and widely absorbed the quintessence of traditional Chinese medicine and ancient Greco-Arab medicine, long-term struggle with diseases, which gradually formed traditional medicine. Uyghur medicine is an important part of Chinese medicine. As Uyghur medicine conceived in advanced Tarim civilization, developed on the Silk Road hub, western Tarim basin, Superior geographical environment and soil, make its play an irreplaceable role in Chinese and Western medical communication.It is well-known that Uyghur medicine In terms of the theoretical system belongs to one of the three International major traditional medicine Greco-Arab medical system. Study on the Uyghur medicine origin has the vital significance to understand scientifically the Greco-Arab-Uyghur medicine system and the interaction between Chinese and Western medicine, and also has important theoretical and realistic significance for the inheritance and development of Silk Road medicine. Objective:The first,based on Silk Road, the existing historical documents and Western medical communication, agent for originally, clarify the origin, to discuss the source and course, and development stage of Uyghur medicine from a new perspective, and to explore personality traits in the process of common medical development.The second,Through the explanation to the common theoretical basis of Uyghur medicine and Greco-Arab medicine, especially of the connotation and expression of three medicines about the core theory Humoralism and the core pathogenesis abnormal savda,to discuss one source three branch characteristic of Uyghur medicine and Greco-Arab medicine,and to explore the process of formation,development and change of Greco-Arab-Uyghur medical system.The third,Based on the decline of ancient Greco-Arab medicine and the rise of Uyghur medicine, one source three branch but the evolution one prosperous one decline,Put forward the project that the prosperous of the modern Uyghur medicine to drive the renaissance of Greco-Arab medical system on the new Silk Road(One Belt and One Road), and then to lead the research, application and development of Silk Road Medicine with the traditional Chinese medicine. Method:Applicate medical integration method, which is focusing on medicine, and comprehensive multidisciplinary research methods. Similar to Twice Evidences that Mr Wang guowei, Chen yinque advocated and humanities scholars generally admired(take underground objects to the floor of papers release certificate, take each other alien historical document with the old books complement each other of motherland, take the concept of external and inherent material complement each other). Like compare and confirm the ancient greeks Herodotus "historical" account and the records in Shiji and Hanshu; complement Hippocrates and the Hippocratic Corpus and Ha Zi ba Yi and the Yao Shu each other; take archaeological findings on the silk road and Research on the silk road, the existing western region medical literature complement each other, etc. With the Silk Road linking the east and the west as the main line, consult the ancient Uyghur medicine, ancient Greek medicine related literature from home and abroad, skim multidisciplinary knowledge such as linguistics, archeology, ethnology, ultimately to look for the correlations of ancient period Uyghur medicine(Scythians medicine) and ancient Greek medicine, traditional Chinese medicine, Indian medicine etc. To draw the outline of the appearance of the beginning of ancient Uyghur medicine development and the Silk Road medical initial communication that centered on Uyghur medicine.Applicate the method of literature research, in Chinese and English languages, in relevances in CNKI, Cqvip, wanfangdata, pubmed, Springer Link, Elsevier-Science Direct databases etc. Searching the relevances Such as The Silk road to Tarim to Hotan or khotan; Uyghur or Uighur to Scythian or Saka or Ser(Chinese); Hippocrates(hippocratic corpus) to Galen(Temperament, Instinct) to Razi, Rhazes(Mansur textbooks, The integration of Medicine) to Avicenna, Ibn Sina(Canon of Medicine). and other such relevance of retrieval.Searching on the main keywords such as Greek Medicine or Arab Medicine or Greco- Arab Medicine or Uyghur Medicine or Silk Road or Humour(humor and humorism and hiliti) or Black bile or Melancholy or Abnormal Savda, meanwhile other relevant keywords retrieval. Retrieval time lead unlimited, as of December 1 2015. At the same time, also tried best to find some scattering of ancient Uyghur folk medical books, to take advantage the important Uyghur medical literature in modern uyghur language as well as access to obtain Uyghur medical literature that hidden in Russia.Application analysis of induction, Analyze and conclude the medical literature and information obtained, by Application analysis and induction, discard the dross and select the essential, eliminate the false and retain the true, proceed from the one to the other, from the outside to the inside, To elucidate the Homology between Uyghur medicine and Greco-Arab medicine and pathogenesis of abnormal savda, reveal the medical communication on the background Silk road and the individuality evolution and common law in the process of medical development. Results:1.From the foreign exchange history and literature of Uyghur medicine, the western regions located in the hinterland of central Asia and the traffic crossroads of Eurasian Silk road. on the ancient Grassland Silk road Before Silk road. At the birth time of ancient Uyghur medicine, There was interaction with ancient Greek medicine, Which was reflected in its theoretical origin have some degree of consistency, also many cross and mutual reference in practices.2.As the excavation of Silk road, Communication of social life and circulation of academic thought and commodities with Central China began frequently. And Uyghur medicine began to introduce and absorb abundant TCM theory and therapy, and gradually formed its own unique principle, method, treatment, medicine. At the same time, with the aid of Silk Road, many medicines that native to the western regions, even more distant in Europe, entered into central China along silk road. During this period, the Silk road not only have the effect of the channel, and made Uyghur medicine more in-depth and extensive integration with easten Chinese medicine and westen Greco-Arab medicine, and further enhanced the overall level and influence of Uyghur medicine.3. Influenced and drived by different historical period different mainstream civilization(Greco-Roman European culture, Indian buddhist culture, Arab islamic culture and central Chinese culture), Uyghur medicine on the Silk Road its development has experienced following stages. Grassland Silk Road stage, The communication between Uyghur medicine and Greek medicine on the Steppe Silk Road. Han and Tang dynasties stage, The compatible development of Uyghur medicine promoted by Four major civilizations and Eastern and western medicine. After Song dynasty and Karakhanid empire Islamic stage, The return period of Uyghur medicine after the islamization in Western Regions. The Uyghur medicine modernization stage in modern and contemporary times,especially after Chinese economic reform, the period that decline of Greco-Arab medicine and rise of Uyghur medicine.4.Uyghur medicine was born in Xinjiang, which converge eastern and western civilizations on the Silk Road. Uyghur medicine and ancient Greco-Arab medicine come down in one continuous line, which has the relative consistent and common basic theory. Humorism is common pathophysiological basis of the Greco-Arab-Uyghur medicine. Abnormal savda(black bile) theory is the common core theory of Greco-Arab-Uyghur medicine. According to their source and course and the connectivity and inheritance of their medical core thought and the core theory, combined named with Greco-Arab-Uyghur medicine.5.Stage of Uyghur medicine modernization since the reform and open policy, the Uyghur medicine established industry standards of 30 kinds of diseases and 120 abnormal humoral diagnosis and classifications of Uyghur medicine for the first time, ended the history of lacking diagnostic criteria in Uyghur medicine in China;built "mature, remove prior therapy, visceral organ as fundamental treatment for disease" of abnormal savda syndrome system in Uyghur medicine. Based on comparative study on spectrum of metabolites,target protein, NEI-control network status,the oxidation-antioxidant imbalance, intestinal group of disorders in patients with abnormal savda, put forward the unified theory on complex diseases abnormal savda syndrome, and to provide basis for accurate treatment.of Uyghur medicine. Quasi clinical evaluation method and "reason- context-disease- treatment" applied for the first time, to create abnormal savda syndrome series animal models that approach to Uyghur clinical medicine, which provides Model biological tool for prevention of abnormal savda syndrome and experimental Uyghur medicine development.Combined with the biological characteristics change of abnormal savda syndrome to Uyghur medicine for the first time, as a whole, in vitro, cellular and molecular levels build Uyghur drug efficacy material basic research system, developed Uyghur drugs such as abnormal savda Munziq, and explain the mechanism of action and effect of the treatment. Conclusion:1.Uyghur medicine and Greco-Arab medicine are homologous and confluent, one source three branch roads to some extent. One source means at the birth time of ancient Uyghur medicine, There was interaction with ancient Greek medicine, Which was reflected in its theoretical origin have some degree of consistency, also many cross and mutual reference in practices. Three branch roads means which after medicine generated, and enslaved to the influence of local maternal culture includes religious and customs practices, the thought and concept, the civilization degree, natural climate and so on. Uyghur medicine, ancient Greek medicine and Arab medicine respectively on the basis of common existence gradually produced their personality. All three are belong to the ancient Greek medicine system that is one of the three major traditional medicine in the world. Uyghur medicine and ancient Greco-Arab medicine have the relative consistent and common basic theory. Humorism is common pathophysiological basis of the Greco-Arab-Uyghur medicine. Abnormal savda(black bile) is the common core pathogenesis of Greco-Arab-Uyghur medicine. According to their source and course and the connectivity and inheritance of their medical core thought and the core theory, we combined named with "Greco-Arab-Uyghur medicine".2.Study on abnormal savda that common core pathogenesis of Greco-Arab- Uyghur medicine, proves abnormal savda is not only a description of phenomenon or appearance, also has certain common biological basis change, is a kind of abnormal body humour that objective existence,and reasoning and summary to pathogenesis to external performance of disease in Uyghur medicine, the essence of abnormal savda is the change of organization structure and its biological function.3.The decline of ancient Greco-Arab medicine and the rise of Uyghur medicine, one source three branch but the evolution one prosperous one decline,which caused the high attention in the central Asia, west Asia, Europe and other countries along the Silk Roadand the areas where traditional ancient Greco-Arab medical ever coveraged. Uyghur medicine and Greco-Arab medicine belongs to the same homologous system, but Uyghur medicine generated new quality additionally,is the new form and new height to the development Greco-Arab-Uyghur medicine system.With the development of Uyghur medicine "upstream", leading Greco-Arab medicine recovery in the new Silk Road, or we take the thought and the Silk Road to further expand, make "big Chinese medicine" that consists of traditional Chinese medicine,traditional Uyghur medicine etc, to get more Deep-seated and extensive Internationalization in grand strategy One Belt and One Road by means of modernization, and lead the research, application and development of Silk Road Medicine, becomes an important scientific question and practical problem to be solved. |
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