The Study Of The Contemporary Medical Treatment Of Infertility Which Based On Data Mining

ObjectiveIn this paper, TCM syndromes, symptoms, prescription medicine and other information related to treatment of infertility by contemporary doctors were analyzed by using several statistical methods, such as clustering analysis, factor analysis, frequency analysis and correlation analysis. The purpose of this paper is to find out some common rules about infertility, such as which part of the body the disease lies in, the nature of the disease, related symptoms, prescription medicine and other new knowledge. And finally to provide more information for curing infertility and conducting further research using Traditional Chinese Medicine.MethodsMedical records were mainly collected from JIN DAI25WEI ZHONG YI MING JIA FU KE JING YAN, ZHONG YI FU KE MING JIA JING YAN XIN WUand database CNKI(from1978to2013). These medical records were then organized, inputted into a database and analyzed by using clustering analysis, factor analysis, frequency analysis and correlation analysis. The results of the data analysis were finally explained based on traditional Chinese medicine theory.Results1. Frequency AnalysisHigh-frequency syndrome factors of property in these medical records are Qi stagnation, blood stasis, deficiency of Yang, deficiency of Qi, blood deficiency, deficiency of Yin and dampness. High-frequency syndrome factors of location including liver, kidney, uterus and spleen.High-frequency TCM syndromes occurred in these medical records are kidney deficiency and blood stasis syndrome, qi stagnation and blood stasis syndrome, kidney deficiency and liver qi stagnation syndrome, kidney-yang deficiency syndrome, kidney deficiency syndrome, liver qi stagnation and blood stasis syndrome, liver qi stagnation and kidney deficiency syndrome, liver qi stagnation syndrome, etc. After integrating and standardizing, high-frequency syndromes related to infertility are kidney deficiency syndrome, liver qi stagnation syndrome, blood stasis syndrome, qi stagnation syndrome, dampness-phlegm syndrome and spleen-deficiency syndrome, etc. These syndromes are the same as those are listed in ZHONG YI FU KE XUE edited by Luo Songping and published by Higher Education Press in2008. These results suggest that high-frequency syndromes related to infertility are kidney deficiency syndrome, liver qi stagnation syndrome, blood stasis syndrome and phlegm-dampness syndrome. But the real syndromes patients bearing are more complex and changeable, so many of the syndromes collected in this paper are accompanied syndromes.High-frequency symptoms occurred in these medical records are thin pulse, pale tongue, menstrual blood dark in color, menstrual blood little in quantity, menstrual blood with clots, delayed menstrual cycle, menstrual cramps, menstrual waist sour and breast distention before menstruation, etc.High-frequency Chinese medicine used in these medical records are Radix Angelicae Sinensis, Rhizoma Cyperi, Poria, Radix Bupleuri, Cortex Moutan, Radix Glycyrrhizae, Rhizoma Chuanxiong, Rhizoma Dioscoreae, Semen Persicae, Herba Epimedii, Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae, Herba Leonuri, Radix Paeoniae Rubra, Radix Astragali, Fructus Lycii, Flos Carthami, Fructus Corni, Radix Dipsaci, Semen Cuscutae, Radix Paeoniae Alba, Rhizoma Corydalis, Cornu Cervi, Radix Rehmanniae Preparata, Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae, Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae, Radix Morindae Officinalis, Cortex Cinnamomi, Ramulus Cinnamomi, Fructus Aurantii, Radix Codonopsis, Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae, Fructus Liquidambaris, Radix Rehmanniae Recens, Radix Curcumae, Fluoritum, Cortex Eucommiae, Radix Linderae, Fructus Evodiae, Rhizoma Curcumae, Fructus Foeniculi, Pollen Typhae, Rhizoma Sparganii, Fructus Ligustri Lucidi, Faeces Togopteri, etc.According to ZHONG YAO XUE edited by Huang Zhaosheng, these High-frequency Chinese medicine can be classified into medicine for invigorating blood circulation and eliminating stasis, tonic medicine, qi-regulating medicine, medicine for relieving exterior disorder, medicine for dispelling internal cold, heat-clearing medicine and damp-clearing medicine, etc.2.Factor Analysis and Cluster Analysis of SymptomsAccording to factor analysis and cluster analysis, these symptoms can be classified into the following syndromes:Phlegm-dampness syndrome:fat, leukorrhagia, plump tongue, greasy tongue coating, smooth pulse;Blood deficiency syndrome:menstrual blood little in quantity and light in color;Blood stasis syndrome:menstrual cramps, menstrual blood dark in color and with blood clots, dark tongue, tongue with ecchymosis, thin tongue coating, pulse fine tart.Liver qi stagnation syndrome:irregular menstrual period or normal menstrual cycle, irregular menstrual blood quantity, breast distention before menstruation, depression, easy to lose temper, tightness in chest, abdominal distension, abdominal pain, dark tongue, stringy pulse.Kidney-Yin deficiency syndrome:dysphoria in chest, palms and soles, palpitations and shortness of breath, dizziness and dazzle or headache and tinnitus, bitter taste in mouth, xerostomia, dry stool,leucorrhea-less, excessive red tongue with little coating;Kidney-Yang deficiency syndrome:delayed menstrual cycle, menstrual blood little in quantity, darkish complexion or dim complexion, waist sour, sex apathy, pale tongue with white coating, slow and sunken pulse.Spleen-Qi deficiency syndrome:hypermenorrhea, shortness of breath, fatigue, pale or sallow complexion, extreme chilliness, thin body and loose stool;Deficiency of both qi and blood syndrome:pale complexion, thin body.3. Factor Analysis and Cluster Analysis of Chinese MedicineUsing factor analysis and cluster analysis to analyze Chinese medicine, according to the combination of medicine and by integrating, organizing and summarizing syndrome factor to prove the TCM syndromes of infertility. The results show that these syndromes are kidney deficiency syndrome, liver qi stagnation syndrome, blood stasis syndrome, phlegm-dampness syndrome, blood-deficiency syndrome, spleen-deficiency syndrome, deficiency of both qi and blood syndrome, coagulated cold in uterus syndrome and heat-toxin-stagnation-syndrome, etc. 4. Common Combination of Chinese MedicineUsing correlation analysis to analyze frequently-used Chinese medicine in these medical records and the results show that common causes of infertility are liver qi stagnation, blood stasis, blood deficiency, deficiency of both qi and blood, kidney deficiency and spleen deficiency, etc.5. Correlation Analysis between Chinese Medicine and Syndrome Factor of Location, Syndrome Factor of Property and Symptoms(1) Correlation Analysis between Chinese Medicine and Syndrome Factor of Location, Syndrome Factor of Location and Chinese MedicineRadix Codonopsis and Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae are the two frequently-used Chinese medicine if syndromes involve spleen and kidney.The confidence of spleen and kidney=> Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae and spleen and kidney=> Radix Codonopsis are60.32%and50.79%.By contrast, Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae has a greater dependence on spleen and kidney than Radix Codonopsis.Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae and Poria are the two frequently-used Chinese medicine if syndromes involve liver and spleen. The confidence of liver and spleen=>Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae and liver and spleen=> Poria are67.57%and56.76%. By contrast, Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae has a greater dependence on liver and spleen than Poria.Semen Cuscutae, Radix Rehmanniae Preparata, Fructus Lycii, Radix Morindae Officinalis, Fructus Corniv and Radix Angelicae Sinensis are frequently-used Chinese medicine if syndrome involve kidney. The confidence of Semen Cuscutae=> kidney, Radix Morindae Officinalis=> kidney, Radix Rehmanniae Preparata and Semen Cuscutae=> kidney, Fructus Lycii and Semen Cuscutae=>kidney, Fructus Corni=>kidney, Radix Angelicae Sinensis and Semen Cuscutae=>kidney are89.88%,93.33%,92.86%,91.78%,90.91%and87.29%.Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae, Radix Codonopsis, Radix Glycyrrhizae, Rhizoma Atractylodis, Poria, Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae and Radix Angelicae Sinensis are frequently-used Chinese medicine if syndrome involve spleen. The confidence of Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae and Radix Codonopsis and Radix Glycyrrhizae=>spleen, Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae and Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae and Radix Glycyrrhizae=> spleen, Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae and Rhizoma Atractylodis=> spleen are94.12%,95.65%and89.47%.Radix Paeoniae Alba, Radix Bupleuri, Rhizoma Cyperi and Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae are frequently-used Chinese medicine if syndrome involve liver. The confidence of liver=> Radix Paeoniae Alba, liver=> Radix Bupleur, and liver=> Rhizoma Cyperi are56.07%,53.97%and54.81%. When the contemporary doctors use Radix Bupleuri, Radix Paeoniae Alba and Radix Bupleuri, Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae and Radix Bupleuri and Rhizoma Cyperi, the common syndrome factor of location involved is liver. The confidence of these medicine are85.43%,89.8%and97.06%.Radix Angelicae Sinensis and Rhizoma Chuanxiong are the two frequently-used Chinese medicine if syndrome involve uterus. The confidence of uterus=>Radix Angelicae Sinensis and uterus=> Rhizoma Chuanxiong are86.96%and63.04%.(2) Correlation Analysis between Chinese Medicine and Syndrome Factor of PropertySemen Cuscutae and Radix Codonopsis are the two frequently-used Chinese medicine in Yang deficiency syndrome. The confidence of Semen Cuscutae=>Yang deficiency syndrome and Radix Codonopsis=>Yang deficiency syndrome are61.9%and61.67%.Semen Persicae, Radix Paeoniae Rubra, Radix Angelicae Sinensis, Flos Carthami, Radix Paeoniae Alba and Rhizoma Chuanxiong are frequently-used Chinese medicine in blood stasis syndrome. When the contemporary doctors use Radix Paeoniae Rubra and Semen Persicae, Radix Paeoniae Alba and Radix Angelicae Sinensis and Flos Carthami, and other Chinese medicine groups, the common syndrome involved is blood stasis. The confidence of all these medicine are more than90%. When the contemporary doctors use Radix Paeoniae Rubra and Radix Angelicae Sinensis and Flos Carthami, the common syndrome involved is blood stasis. So it is considered that the contemporary doctors will use Radix Paeoniae Rubra, Radix Angelicae Sinensis and Flos Carthami together to treat blood stasis syndrome.Radix Paeoniae Alba, Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae, Radix Codonopsis, Radix Astragali, Radix Angelicae Sinensis and Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae are frequently-used Chinese medicine in Qi deficiency syndrome. When the contemporary doctors use Radix Codonopsis, Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae and Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae and Radix Codonopsis, the common syndrome involved is deficiency of Qi. The confidence of them are75%and94.74%. By contrast, deficiency of Qi has a greater dependence on Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae and Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae and Radix Codonopsis than Radix Codonopsis.Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae and Rhizoma Atractylodis are the two frequently-used Chinese medicine in dampness syndrome. When the contemporary doctors use Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae and Rhizoma Atractylodis, the common syndrome involved is dampness. The confidence of it is89.47%.Radix Paeoniae Alba, Radix Bupleuri, Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae and Rhizoma Cyperi are frequently-used Chinese medicine in Qi stagnation syndrome. When the contemporary doctors use Radix Bupleuri, Radix Paeoniae Alba and Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae and Radix Bupleuri and Rhizoma Cyperi, the common syndrome involved is Qi stagnation. The confidence of them are85.43%and96.67%. By contrast, Qi stagnation has a greater dependence on Radix Paeoniae Alba and Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae and Radix Bupleuri and Rhizoma Cyperi than Radix Bupleuri.Deficiency of Yang, deficiency of Qi and damage of essence are common involved syndromes when the contemporary doctors use Semen Cuscutae. The confidence of deficiency of Qi and deficiency of Yang=> Semen Cuscutae, and damage of essence=> Semen Cuscutae are58.47%and87.5%. By contrast, Semen Cuscutae has a greater dependence on damage of essence than deficiency of Qi and deficiency of Yang.Blood deficiency, deficiency of Qi and damage of essence are common involved syndromes when the contemporary doctors use Radix Rehmanniae Preparata. The confidence of blood deficiency=> Radix Rehmanniae Preparata and damage of essence=>Radix Rehmanniae Preparata are51.58%and68.75%. By contrast, Radix Rehmanniae Preparata has a greater dependence on damage of essence than blood deficiency.Phlegm, dampness and Qi stagnation are common involved syndromes when the contemporary doctors use Poria. The confidence of phlegm=> Poria, Qi stagnation and dampness and phlegm=> Poria and Qi stagnation and phlegm=> Poria are71.11%,88.24%and80.95%. By contrast, Poria has a greater dependence on Qi stagnation and dampness and phlegm than the other two. Blood deficiency and Qi stagnation are the two common involved syndromes when the contemporary doctors use Radix Paeoniae Alba. The confidence of blood deficiency=>Radix Paeoniae Alba, and Qi stagnation and blood deficiency=> Radix Paeoniae Alba are67.37%and76.19%. By contrast, Radix Paeoniae Alba has a greater dependence on Qi stagnation and blood deficiency than blood deficiency. Radix Paeoniae Alba has a greater dependence on blood deficiency than Radix Rehmanniae PreparataBlood stasis, Qi stagnation and deficiency of Yang are common involved syndromes when the contemporary doctors use Rhizoma Chuanxiong. The confidence of blood stasis=>Rhizoma Chuanxiong, Qi stagnation and blood stasis and deficiency of Yang=> Rhizoma Chuanxiong are51.11%and70.59%. By contrast, Rhizoma Chuanxiong has a greater dependence on Qi stagnation and blood stasis and deficiency of Yang than blood stasis.Deficiency of Qi and blood stasis are common involved syndromes when the contemporary doctors use Radix Astragali. The confidence of deficiency of Qi and blood stasis=> Radix Astragali is71.88%.Qi stagnation is common involved syndrome when the contemporary doctors use Rhizoma Cyperi. The confidence of it is57.2%.Deficiency of Qi and deficiency of Yang are common involved syndromes when the contemporary doctors use Radix Codonopsis. The confidence of deficiency of Qi and deficiency of Yang=> Radix Codonopsis is53.39%.(3) Correlation Analysis between Symptoms and Chinese MedicineMenstrual blood dark in color, dark tongue, tongue with ecchymosis, thin tongue coating and thin pulse are common symptoms when the contemporary doctors use Semen Persicae. The confidence of tongue with ecchymosis=> Semen Persicae, and menstrual blood dark in color and thin tongue coating and tongue with ecchymosis=> Semen Persicae, are50%and72.73%. By contrast, Semen Persicae has a greater dependence on menstrual blood dark in color and thin tongue coating and tongue with ecchymosis than tongue with ecchymosis.Thin pulse, pale tongue and fatigue are common symptoms when the contemporary doctors use Radix Astragali. The confidence of thin pulse and fatigue=> Radix Astragaliand, pale tongue and fatigue=> Radix Astragali are50.72%and52.7%.Menstrual blood little in quantity, fat and delayed menstrual cycle are common symptoms when the contemporary doctors use Poria. The confidence of menstrual blood little in quantity and fat and delayed menstrual cycle=> Poria is80%.Menstrual blood little in quantity, menstrual blood dark in color, menstrual blood with clots, breast distention before menstruation and stringy pulse are common symptoms when the contemporary doctors use Radix Bupleuri. The confidence of breast distention before menstruation=> Radix Bupleuri, menstrual blood little in quantity and breast distention before menstruation and menstrual blood dark in color=>Radix Bupleuri, and breast distention before menstruation and stringy pulse=>Radix Bupleuri are55.83%,66.15%and67.33%.Menstrual blood little in quantity, menstrual blood light in color, anorexia and pale tongue are common symptoms when the contemporary doctors use Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae. The confidence of pale tongue and anorexia=>Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae, menstrual blood little in quantity and anorexia and pale tongue=> Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae and anorexia=>Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae are90.48%,84%and69.7%. By contrast, Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae has a greater dependence on pale tongue and anorexia than the other two.(4) Correlation Analysis between Chinese Medicine and SymptomsWhen patients are obese, Rhizoma Atractylodis and Poria are frequently-used. The confidence of Rhizoma Atractylodis and Poria=> fat is81.82%.When patients have dark tongues.frequently-used medicine are Semen Persicae, Rhizoma Chuanxiong, Rhizoma Sparganii, Rhizoma Curcumae and Rhizoma Corydalis, etc. The confidence of Rhizoma Curcumae and Semen Persicae=> Tongue-dark, Rhizoma Sparganii and Semen Persicae=>Tongue-dark and Rhizoma Chuanxiong and Semen Persicae and Rhizoma Corydalis=> Tongue-dark are all more than90%.When patients have pale tongues, Radix Paeoniae Alba, Radix Codonopsis and Radix Rehmanniae Preparata are frequently-used. The confidence of Radix Paeoniae Alba and Radix Codonopsis and Radix Rehmanniae Preparata=> pale tongue is96.88%.When patients have stringy pulse,Radix Bupleuri, Radix Paeoniae Alba and Rhizoma Cyperi are frequently-used. The confidence of Radix Bupleuri=> stringy pulse, Radix Bupleuri and Radix Paeoniae Alba=>stringy pulse and Radix Bupleuri and Rhizoma Cyperi=>stringy pulse are61.59%,66.33%and68.89%. By contrast, stringy pulse has a greater dependence on Radix Bupleuri and Rhizoma Cyperi than and Radix Paeoniae Alba and Radix Bupleuri.When menstrual cramps appears, Radix Angelicae Sinensis, Pollen Typhae and Faeces Togopteri are frequently-used. The confidence of Pollen Typhae and Faeces Togopteri=>menstrual cramps and Radix Angelicae Sinensis and Pollen Typhaeand Faeces Togopteri=>menstrual cramps are90.32%and95.65%. By contrast, menstrual cramps has a greater dependence on Radix Angelicae Sinensis and Pollen Typhae and Faeces Togopteri than Pollen Typhae and Faeces Togopteri.When breast distention before menstruation appears, Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae, Radix Bupleuri, Rhizoma Cyperi, Radix Paeoniae Alba and Radix Angelicae Sinensis are frequently-used. The confidence of Radix Bupleuri=>breast distention before menstruation, Radix Bupleuri and Rhizoma Cyperi=> breast distention before menstruation and Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae and Radix Bupleuri and Rhizoma Cyperii=> breast distention before menstruation are60.26%,70%and85.29%. By contrast, breast distention before menstruation has a greater dependence on Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae and Radix Bupleuri and Rhizoma Cyperi than Radix Bupleuri and Radix Bupleuri and Rhizoma Cyperi.(5) Many new ideas were found by comparing the results of data mining and traditional Chinese medicine theory:Radix Angelicae Sinensis and Semen Cuscutae=>kidney, kidney and spleen=>Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae, kidney and spleen=> Radix Codonopsis, Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae and Radix Bupleuri and Rhizoma Cyperi=>liver, liver and spleen=> Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae, liver and spleen=> Poria, spleen=>Radix Angelicae Sinensis, Radix Codonopsis=> deficiency of Yang, deficiency of Qi and deficiency of Yang=>Radix Codonopsis, Radix Angelicae Sinensis and Radix Codonopsis=>deficiency of Qi, Radix Angelicae Sinensis and Radix Astragali=>deficiency of Qi, Radix Paeoniae Alba and Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae and Radix Codonopsis and Radix Astragali=>deficiency of Qi, deficiency of Qi and deficiency of Yang=> Semen Cuscutae, deficiency of Qi and blood deficiency=> Radix Rehmanniae Preparata, Radix Paeoniae Alba and Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae and Radix Bupleuri and Rhizoma Cyperi=> Qi stagnation, Qi stagnation and phlegm=> Poria, Qi stagnation and dampness and phlegm=> Poria.Conclusion504medical records about contemporary doctors treating infertility were collected, after analyzed these records by using several statistical methods and correlation analysis, the results show that most of the conclusions drawn from this research are traditional knowledge and theories that are commonly used in clinical practice or already existing. This also proves that the application of data mining in medical records analysis is effective. It is feasible to summarize the combination of frequently-used Chinese medicine treating infertility by using data mining to analyse frequently-used Chinese medicine groups among Chinese medicine and syndrome factors, syndrome factors and Chinese medicine, Chinese medicine and symptoms, symptoms and Chinese medicine. And it is also feasible to deduce the common syndromes related to infertility by analyse prescription medicine. By using correlation analysis, it becomes practicable to show the relationship between syndrome factors and Chinese medicine, symptoms and Chinese medicine in a measurable way. It connects symptoms, syndromes and medicine, which provide reference for clinical treatments.In addition, many new ideas are found by comparing the results of data mining and traditional Chinese medicine theory. Some of these ideas can even be used as clinical reference. This proves that data mining is a very feasible method in normalization processing and understanding of TCM medical records.