| With the world growing phenomenon of aging, senile disease prevention has attracted worldwide attention. Among them, senile dementia of the elderly is a serious impact on the health and quality of life in old age high incidence of disease. In various types of senile dementia, and Alzheimer’s disease (Alzheimer’s disease, AD)-induced dementia are the most common type, accounting for about50%-70%of cases of dementia. According to the relevant estimates that currently there are over24.3million AD patients, there are4.6million new cases each year, to2040, the number will increase to81.1million affected, while the majority of AD patients live in developing countries. For the elderly over the age of85to conduct a comprehensive inspection of dementia found that about30%of85-year-old individuals have symptoms of dementia. However, with a high incidence of contrast, AD is currently no effective treatment. Therefore, the search for effective treatments and explain its mechanism is still the focus of research focus and content of brain science and geriatric medicine. By the Court of God, the God formed the "wisdom of three needle" point group in clinical and experimental studies in the past have proven the exact effect of the treatment of various encephalopathy, but it’s not yet have seen the treatment for AD. From the effects of acupuncture "chi three needle" SD rat model for AD brain PET imaging of cerebral cortex choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), glucose transporter3(GLUT-3), oxidative stress-related indicators conduct research to further reveal the mechanism of acupuncture treatment for AD, provide a solid theoretical basis for clinical treatment.This paper is divided into literature, experimental studies and summary of three parts.A literature study Divided into two parts:The first part of the modern literature through the AD clinical manifestations, risk factors, pathogenesis, treatment, and understanding of modern medicine to reveal the whole picture of AD. AD etiology range pathogenesis of complex, multi-onset occult, difficult to find, progress for several years to more than a decade, once the disease, it is difficult to treat, with the elderly life. The second part of the clinical studies, animal studies, academic thought analysis review of the literature reveals the clinical efficacy of acupuncture treatment for AD, acupoints rules and possible mechanismsModern medicine is a major pathology of AD severe diffuse cortical atrophy and ventricular system secondary to expand outside of nerve fibers visible under the microscope nerve cells containing Aβ amyloid plaques, there may be silver staining cytoplasm of nerve cells entangled, cerebral arterial walls have Aβ amyloid deposition. Potential mechanisms causing the pathology has not been elucidated, and many hypotheses about, including gene mutations, tau hyperphosphorylation, cholinergic neuronal damage, neurotoxicity of excitatory amino acids, neuronal calcium imbalance, high cholesterol levels. Many risk factors for AD, lifestyle behaviors and lifestyles, trace elements, diet, hormone levels, blood insulin levels, vascular risk factors and factors of cerebrovascular disease, traumatic brain injury, inflammation, genetic and other aspects are likely to be found with AD pathogenesisNew areas of application of acupuncture treatment of AD is the rise over the past decade. Acupuncture for AD does have a unique effect. On this basis, the research on acupuncture intervention AD rat model of brain PET imaging ChAT and GLUT-3protein expression levels and SOD, the impact of oxidative stress associated with NO content, further understanding of the mechanism of acupuncture treatment of AD have certain inherent reference value.2, experimental studyObjectiveThe Purpose of acupuncture "chi three needle" AD rat model of learning behavior, cortical ChAT PET functional imaging and GLUT-3protein expression levels and oxidative stress-related indicators of SOD,, NO content, reveals acupuncture treatment for AD possible mechanism of action.Methods60male SD rats were randomly divided into three groups:normal group, model group," Chi three needle" group, each with20. Three groups of rats were injected intraperitoneally consecutive D-galactose six weeks to produce a rat model of aging, then the model group and the " wisdom of three needle" AD model rats were established using Aβ1-40intracranial injection of the hippocampus."Chilean three-pin" a week after successful modeling group given acupuncture " chi three needle " treatment, which means" God court,"bilateral "the god", acupuncture needles, even twisting angle±180°, the frequency of60times/min. Continuous stimulation2min, rest1min, and so forth, continued15min. Treatments:1per day, weekend breaks,4weeks of treatment, a total of20times. Model of normal rats and rats crawling the same group, fixed, acupoints, disinfection, but not acupuncture. Observe the following indicators:(1) behavioral indicators:The Y-maze test to assess learning and memory in rats. Maze test in rats in each group record total reaction time (TRT).(2) the use of PET-CT scans obtained in rat brain regions activated PET imaging results.(3) the use of immunohistochemical staining of rat cerebral cortex ChAT, the expression levels of GLUT-3protein.(4) The content of rat hippocampus Colorimetric SOD activity and NO.Results(1) Effect of acupuncture on learning and memory in rats AD:After modeling one week, TRT results show that the first1,2,3,4,31days, the model group,"Chi three needle" groups are larger than normal group (P<0.05); the first31days," Chi three needle" group is smaller than the model group (P<0.05); comparing the first day and the second day2,3,4,31model group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05), the first day2,3,4,31pairwise comparison, the difference was not statistically significant (P0.05); comparing the first day and the first two days of normal group, the difference was not statistically significant (P0.05), with the first3,4,31days, the difference was statistically significant (P <=0.05), comparing the first two days with the first four days, the difference was not statistically significant (P0.05), compared with the first31days, the difference statistically significant (P<=0.05),the first day3,4,31pairwise comparison, the difference was not statistically significant (P0.05); comparing the first day of the first group of three-pin2,3,4,31-days the difference was statistically significant (P<=0.05), comparing the first two days with the first four days, the difference was not statistically significant (P0.05), compared with the first31days, the difference was statistically significant (P<=0.05)(2) Effect of acupuncture on PET imaging AD rat cerebral cortex:the model group and the normal group PET results, reduced glucose metabolism in brain regions mainly in the olfactory bulb, cingulate gyrus, prefrontal cortex area3, the motor cortex, the top Ye association cortex, the pressure cortex, sensory cortex, visual cortex;"wisdom of three needle" group compared with the model group PET results, acupuncture," Chi three needle" can activate brain regions including the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, dorsal thalamus, thalamus, cerebral peduncle, midbrain tegmentum, pons. ChAT rat cerebral cortex of AD, GLUT-3protein expression levels of(3) Acupuncture:Compared with the normal group, the "wisdom of three needle" and model hippocampal tissue ChAT, GLUT-3protein expression were significantly reduced water (P<0.01); compared with the model group, the "wisdom of three needle" group of hAT rat hippocampus significantly increased GLUT-3protein expression (P<0.01).(4) Effect of acupuncture on hippocampal tissue of AD rats SOD, NO content Compared with the normal group, SOD activity " Chi three needle" and model hippocampal tissues were significantly decreased, NO levels were significantly rise (P<0.01); compared with the model group, the "wisdom of three needle" rat hippocampus increased significantly in the SOD activity, NO levels were significantly decreased (P<0.05).ConclusionsIn summary:acupuncture " chi three needle" AD can improve learning and memory abilities of rats, which may be related to the internal mechanism of acupuncture " chi three needle" to activate the cerebral cortex of rats in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, back side of the thalamus hypothalamus, cerebral peduncle, midbrain tegmentum, pons and other brain regions, whereas acupuncture " chi three needle" internal mechanism of activation of brain regions associated with acupuncture may promote cerebral cortex ChAT, GLUT-3protein, increase hippocampal tissue SOD activity, decreased hippocampal tissue NO content. This study further validates the professor TRADITIONAL’s " Meridian-brain-related" hypothesis and found that acupuncture " chi three needle" activated brain areas have targeted verify these brain regions associated with cognitive, recognized for clinical treatment known barriers to provide strong objective basis. |
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