| Alpinia officinarum Hance is one of evergreen perennial herbs, mainly grows in Southern China, including Hainan, Guangxi, Guangdong, Guizhou, Yunnan, Fujian, and Taiwan provinces or regions. The rhizome of Alpinia officinarum is one of the most important TCMs to be explored in Hainan Province, which has been planted over10,000mu. In this paper, the quality of galanga growth in Hainan was investigated comprehensively for the purpose of development, while the sample growth in Xuwen of Guangdong was used as control.GC-MS chromatographic fingerprint of the essential oil from Alpinia officinarum growth in Hainan was firstly developed, which was compared with Chinese traditional medicine fingerprint similarity system of National Pharmacopoeia Committee, its value is between0.9-1.0, in accordance with TCM fingerprint similarity requirements of the State Food and Drug Administration. For detail,20peaks were determined in the fingerprints, their sum of relative peak area to the total peak area was about80%.110compounds were identified from its essential oils by GC-MS, mainly including the monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes. The major compound is1,8-cineole possessed the highest relative content ranging from30%to50%, other compounds were a-terpineol (5-7%), β-pinene (7-10%), camphene (4-6%), α-pinene (4-6%) and trans-caryophyllene (about2%). Under the same harvest time and growth years, the production of volatile oil from rhizome of Alpinia officinarum growth in Xuwen and Hainan had the similar rate, of which the main constituents didn’t show significant difference. The GC-MS fingerprint of Hainan was very similar to that of Xuwen, the similarity of chromatogram is0.956.For the first time, the HPLC method for determination of galangin, kaempferol, isorhamnetin, and quercetin from A. officinarum simultaneously was established. The contents of four flavonoids in different organ of Alpinia officinarum were different, galangin, kaempferol, isorhamnetin, and quercetin were detected in rhizome and stem leaves. Isorhamnetin was not detected in fruits while quercetin was the only flavonoid which edtected in flowers. The fruits of A. officinarum were rich of quercetin, and the content of other three flavonoids is significantly higher from rhizome than the other parts. The results showed the contents of galangin and isorhamnetin from A. officinarum have no difference between growth in Hainan and Xuwen, and the contents of kaempferol and quercetin are higher growth in Xuwen than Hainan. The influence factors on the content of flavonoids could be related to geographical, environmental and processing etc. Antibacterial, hypoglycemic activity and neuroprotective effect of different extracts and major compounds from A. officinarum were assayed. The results showed that the A. officinarum of Hainan had obvious protective effect on the nerve cell induced by H2O2. The activation the LDH leakage rate of PC12cells induced by H2O2was reduced by the ethyl acetate and n-butyl alcohol extracts of A. officinarum, which could not only increase the activity of SOD of PC12cells induced by H2O2, but also reduce the content of MDA. Meanwhile, the ethyl acetate and n-butyl alcohol extracts of A. officinarum didn’t do harm to the normal cells.The antibacterial test demonstrated that the volatie oil from the rthizome, flower, and fruit of A. officinarum possessed antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Among them, the volatile oil from the rthizome had the best antibacterial activity. The ethanol extract of rhizome, flower, and fruit showed inhibition of the growth toward the S. aureus, Candida albicans, and Ralstonia solanacearum. Among them, the extract of the rhizome of A. officinarum had the best antibacterial activity against C. albicans, and the extract of the fruits had the best antibacterial activity against R. solanacearum. This study showed that all the organs of A. officinarum had antibacterial activity, which suggested A. officinarum was very promising for development.The ethanol extract of A. officinarum also showed strong inhibitory activity against a-glucosidase, and all the the inhibition ratios of the extracts of rhizome, flower, fruit and leaf were more than80%, the following order of activity:fruit> stalk and leaf> flower> rhizome. Galangin, kaempferol, isorhamnetin, quercetin, and curcumin from A. officinarum also showed inhibition toward a-glucosidase, and acarbose was used as positive control. The order of activity is as following:curcimin> kaempferol> quercetin> isorhamnetin> galangin. The discarded stalks and leaves of A. officinarum showed inhibitory activity against a-glucosidase, which provide a way for further development of this plant. |
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