Research On Spatial Patterns Of Epidemic Disease Based On Spatial Data Analysis

Epidemiology is the science of studying the distribution as well as the determinants of disease and healthy status in a specific population in a certain area,and the research on strategies and measures of the prevention and control of disease and the promotion of health.Epidemiological studies data often contains a large number of information related to space factors.With the rapid development of information technology, it has been generating a large number of various information and data of public health,and most of the data have spatial characteristics.However,the underlying knowledge of these data have not been fully understood and used,which may have potentially huge application value.In recent years, with the development of space technology and computer technology, geographic information system (GIS), global positioning system (GPS), remote sensing technology (RS), spatial analysis and spatial statistics technique have developed rapidly.The rapid development and application of these advanced technologies provide an important basic technical platform for the in-depth analysis and revelation of the complex temporal and spatial relationships among information and data of public health, which enables us to study the relationship between disease and health and the spatial environment from the perspective of space;by describing the spatial distribution of disease,to study the characteristics and laws of spatial distribution,to analyze the spatial differences of disease risk,and to explore the causes,in order to service for disease prevention and health care.GIS has powerful functions such as visualization of spatial information,spatial analysis, and spatial statistics.The main purpose of this paper is to research how to use spatial data analysis technique to analyze the spatial differences of disease risk,research the distribution differences and its characteristics of variation,and provide the basis for further study on the cause of disease.This paper, taking Shenzhen City as the study area, researches on the application of spatial data analysis technique in spatial distribution and spatial patterns of disease,which mainly includes the following contents:(1)Using maps to show geographically-related health data and its analysis results is the most common form of data visualization. Additionally, depicting the maps of these results often constitutes relevant decisions of healthy status in an area or the basis of produce epidemiological hypothesis. On the basis of the fact that the traditional way of mapping does not express the continuity of disease data and other characteristics adequately,this paper puts forward a geo-statistical method combined with exploratory spatial data analysis method for the mapping of disease,by the expression way of transforming the location of objects into a continuous surface of objects reflects the continuity of data on the spatial distribution of hepatitis B disease. Simultaneously,it analyzes the characteristics of geo-statistical model and the advantages of such way of cartographic representations.(2)The spatial distribution of disease generally has a distinct region clustering,and such region clustering also involves the regional clustering of the distribution of etiology.This paper adopts the method of spatial scan statistics that detects whether hepatitis B cases within the study area have the characteristics of clustering in time,space and space-time,and detects the exact time,position,the risk of clustering to check whether they have statistical significance.At the same time,through the spatial distribution and spatial clustering of hepatitis B disease and liver cancer,it analyzes the incidence of hepatitis B and correlation between relative risk and incidence of liver cancer.(3)Medical facilities configuration rationality and fairness is the key to the prevention and control of disease.This paper evaluates the potential of medical facilities spatial accessibility based on spatial data analysis technique.It is based on the analysis of advantages and disadvantages of various model, according to the characteristics of medical facilities, accessibility and other spatial factors that should be considered,and puts forward an improved gravity model to measure spatial accessibility of medical facilities,and also analyzes the the sensitivity of the model parameters. Simultaneously,it evaluates the rationality of medical facilities configuration through the correlation between the incidence of the disease and the accessibility index.The spatial distribution of disease and spatial pattern,spatial clustering,and spatial configuration of medical facilities can be described intuitively based on spatial data analysis technique.and these results often constitutes relevant decisions of healthy status in an area or the basis of produce epidemiological hypothesis.Studying the spatial distribution of disease and its characteristics of variation,can provide the basis for further study on the cause of disease,and to some extent provide strategies and measures of the prevention and control of disease and the promotion of health.