| Objective:Along with the development of society, some adjustments have been made with regard to the medical goal, which is now towards building up sound conditions physically, psychologically and socially. As a comprehensive indicator of one’s overall health condition, the quality of life draws increasingly greater attention from the public. At present, domestic in-depth studies on the life quality of the civil servant is far and few between, while most of them merely focus on the demographic factors and life style, but the exploration on these influencing factors are less than extensive and seldom do they include an investigation on the impact of negative life event on the life quality of civil servants. Current studies on life quality and sub-health status is independent of each other, and rarely there is an exploration of their relation. Those who subject to a study of life quality intervention are mainly patients, while healthy people and sub-healthy people are seldom the subject of such a study. Besides, the intervening measures are mainly taken as health education; consequently, study on intervention of health self-management is tenuous. For the above-mentioned reasons, the present study bears the following objectives:(1) to make a survey of the life quality of the civil servants in Xinjiang province, whose reliability and validity are then evaluated with a view to providing an applicable survey for these civil servants.(2) to have a knowledge of the life quality of these civil servants, and study the influencing factors, laying a theoretical foundation for an investigation of the relationship between life quality and sub-health and the formulation of intervening measure to improve their life quality.(3) to study the correlation between the life quality of the Xinjiang civil servants and their sub-health.(4) to give an evaluation of effect of health self-management on the life quality of the subjects, providing theoretical basis for the follow-up study on the intervention of life quality of healthy people and sub-healthy people.Methods:Cross-sectional study was carried out through health surveys of the quality of life (SF-36), negative life events, sub-health evaluation (SHMS V1.0),self-restraint sociology of population, lifestyle etc, in which2695civil servants from four different regions and their24subordinate counties in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region were surveyed by multistage sampling. Convenience sampling was applied to the investigation of health self-management on121civil servants from four different institutions in Changji Prefecture, in which pseudorandom numbers were produced by Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) to divide the subjects into two groups:experimental group (61members) and control group (60members). The experimental group was given intervention of health self-management, which the control group was given no intervention. Three months before and after the intervention, these two groups were then surveyed by way of surveys of their quality of life, as well as the influencing factor of the sociology of population.Set up a data base with Epidata3.02from which data checked and corrected were imported into the SPSS13.0software package to be processed statistically. Statistical methods include descriptive statistics, reliability analysis, Pearson Correlation analysis, Spearman correlation analysis, factor analysis, two-independent-sample T tests, Paired T test, one-way analysis of variance (Brown-Forsythe was employed if Heterogeneity of variance occurs and examination was conducted via Bonferroni and Dunnett’s T3in multiple comparison), Kruskal-Wallis H Test、 Mann-Whitney U Test, Pearsonχ2examination, multiple linear regression analysis, hierarchical regression analysis, binary stepwise regression analysis, canonical correlation, correspondence analysis and covariance analysis so on.Results:1. The collection of questionnaires3000pieces of questionnaires were issued and2811were collected with a return rate of93.70%.2695pieces are valid, accounting for95.87%of all the collected pieces, indicating a high compliance of the informants.2. The quality of life of the Xinjiang civil servantsThe scores for the quality of life of Xinjiang civil servants and other factors comes as following:physiological function (PF)(89.46±13.81), role-physical (RP)(75.34±34.58), bodily pain (BP)(73.36±18.97), general health (GH)(61.86±18.08).vitality (VT)(67.89±17.63),social function (SF)(76.82±19.00),role-emotional(RE)(73.15±37.97)mental health (MH)(71.81±16.83)and physiological component summary75.21±13.38),mental component summary (71.20±15.61) total score for quality of life (73.17±13.40). The number of Xinjiang civil servants with high, average and poor quality of life is2201,475and19, taking up1981.7%,17.6%and0.7%respectively.3. The analysis of the reliability and validity of the SF-36survey applied to the Xinjiang civil servants.In the SF-36health survey, the Cronbach’s acoefficient is0.921, while those in its sub-survey of physiology and psychology are0.878,0.866respectively. The Cronbach’s acoefficient in other aspects such as physiological function role-physical, bodily pain, self-assessment of general health, vitality, social function, role-emotional, mental health are0.865,0.816,0.800,0.683,0.670,0.563,0.820and0.706respectively. The Spearman-Brown half-split reliability of two SF-36half-split surveys is0.776. Scores of each item in the SF-36health survey are highly correlated with scores in the relevant aspect of each item, but poorly correlated with scores in other aspects. The related coefficient of scores of different aspects in the SF-36health survey and that in the relevant sub-surveys are relatively high while that of the scores of different aspects in the SF-36health survey and other sub-surveys are lower. Seven factors were selected via principal component analysis, accounting for an accumulative contribution rate of59.852%. Results from factors processed by Varimax and orthogonal rotation indication suggests:(1) The first, fourth, sixth and seventh factor are factors for the bodily pain, general health, energy, social function and mental health;(2) The second factor is factor role-physical and role-emotional;(3) The third and fifth factors for physiological function. In addition, the7factors coming from the factor analysis basically accord with the theoretical conception of SF-36health survey.4. Univariate Analysis on factors influencing the life quality of Xinjiang civil servantsThe score difference in some factors influencing the life quality of Xinjiang civil servants like gender difference(t=1.131, P=0.258), nationality (t=1.406, P=0.160), education background (F=0.563, P=0.570), work nature (F=0.334, P=0.801) monthly family income per capita (F=1.453, P=0.234), work condition (F=2.305, P=0.100), environmental pollution (F=1.108, P=0.330), retirement (t=0.741, P=0.483) showed no statistical significance. However, score difference in factors such as age (F=11.882, P=0.000), marital status (F=10.794, P=0.000), dwelling (t=7.181, P=0.000) and living condition (F=7.991, P=0.000), areal nature (F=30.839, P=0.000), the nature of organization (F=3.202, P=0.012), post and rank (F=5.061, P=0.002), personal monthly income (F=9.271, P=0.000), daily working hours (F=21.810, P=0.000), smoking (t=3.372, P=0.000), drinking (t=3.992,P=0.000), breakfast (t=10.028, P=0.000), hours for sleeping(F=51.221, P=0.000), physical exercise (F=27.120, P=0.000), traffic condition (t=7.380, P=0.000),social intercourse (F=14.959, P=0.000), demotion as punishment by organization(t=2.939, P=0.000), unemployment(t=3.627, P=0.000), house moving (t=4.102, P=0.000), loss of love (t=2.780, P=0.000)、divorce (t=2.365, P=0.018), disharmony with family members (t=5.390, P=0.000), severe illness or loss of family members(f=2.549,P=0.011), household financial problem(t=6.770,P=0.000), loss of valuable property (t=7.142, P=0.000), acute housing shortage (t=6.035, P=0.000), high working pressure (t=6.234, P=0.000), dissatisfaction with present job (t=5.082, P=0.000), tension in working relationship (t=6.379,P=0.000), friction in relationship with colleagues or neighbors (t=8.108, P=0.000), severe illness or loss of a friend (t=3.915,P=0.000), involvement in a lawsuit or accident (t=3.816, P=0.000), unexpected shock and natural disaster (t=7.365, P=0.000) displayed statistical significance.Besides, no statistical significant was shown in the hierarchical difference in factors like gender difference (Z=0.616,P=0.538), nationality (Z=0.512, P=0.608), education background (χ2=2.006, P=0.367), work nature (χ2=1.233, P=0.745), monthly family income per capita (χ2=1.339, P=0.512), working condition (χ2=1.401, P=0.237),retirement (Z=0.643,P=0.521), demotion or punishment by the organization (Z=1.578, P=0.115), house moving (Z=1.747, P=0.081), severe illness or loss of family members (Z=1.825, P=0.068),high working pressure (Z=1.708, P=0.088) while there was statistical significance in the hierarchical difference in factors such as age difference (χ2=44.138,P=0.000) marital status (χ2=28.062, P=0.000), dwelling(Z=8.533, P=0.000), living condition(χ2=24.409, P=0.000), areal nature(χ2=116.397,P=0.000), the nature of organization(χ2=22.641, P=0.000), post and rank (χ2=18.995, P=0.000), monthly income (χ2=18.988, P=0.000), daily working hours(χ2=78.948, P=0.000), smoking(Z=2.494, P=0.013), drinking (Z=6.402, P=0.000), breakfast (Z=9.121, P=0.000), hours for sleeping (χ2=108.396,P=0.000), physical exercise (χ2=34.673, P=0.000), traffic condition (Z=6.341, P=0.000), social intercourse (χ2=30.492,P=0.000), environmental pollution (χ2=6.689, P=0.035), unemployment (Z=3.992, P=0.000), loss of love (Z=5.068, P=0.000), divorce (Z=2.774,P=0.006), disharmony with family members (Z=2.960,P=0.003), household financial problem (Z=5.535, P=0.000) loss of valuable property (Z=6.720, P=0.000). acute housing shortage (Z=3.632, P=0.000), dissatisfaction with present job (Z=4.722, P=0.000), tension in working relationship (Z=5.529,P=0.000), friction in relationship with colleagues or neighbors (Z=7.332, P=0.000), severe illness or loss of a friend (Z=2.378, P=0.017) involvement in a lawsuit or accident (Z=2.807,P=0.005) unexpected shock and natural disaster (Z=7.006, P=0.000)5. Multivariate Analysis on factors influencing the life quality of Xinjiang civil servantsFactors influencing the life quality of Xinjiang civil servants analyzed in the ranked regression entry model include dwelling=1(OR=1.616), affiliation of organization=1(OR=2.321), affiliation of organization=2(OR=1.835),affiliation of organization=3(OR=1.946), working position=1(OR=0.339), working position=3(OR=0.674),monthly income=2(OR=1.941), daily average working hours=1(OR=4.660),daily average working hours=2(OR=3.111), daily average working hours=3(OR=4.204), daily average working hours=4(OR=2.625), smoking=1(OR=1.474),drinking=1(OR=0.558),breakfast=1(OR=0.406),hours for sleeping=1(OR=0.309),hours for sleeping=2(OR=0.607),physical exercise=1(OR=0.502),physical exercise=2(OR=0.452),traffic condition=1(OR=1.483) social intercourse=1(OR=2.071),environmental pollution=2(OR=1.340), household financial problem=1(OR=1.548),loss of valuable property=1(OR=1.931) dissatisfaction with present job=1(OR=2.361)、tension in working relationship=1(OR=1.853).involvement in a lawsuit or accident (OR=5.176)Factors influencing the quality of life of Xinjiang civil servants analyzed via the bivariate non-conditional logistic stepwise regression model include:age (OR=0.785),dwelling(OR=1.814), affiliation of organization (OR=1.291), working position(OR=0.735),daily average working hours (OR=1.478), smoking(OR=1.370), drinking (OR=0.558), breakfast (OR=0.341), hours for sleeping (OR=0.532) physical exercise (OR=0.794),traffic condition (OR=1.470), social intercourse (OR=1.303), loss of love (OR=1.738), divorce (OR=3.639), household financial problem (OR=1.809),loss of valuable property (OR=2.035), dissatisfaction with present job (OR=2.198).tension in working relationship (OR=1.851).involvement in a lawsuit or accident (OR=2.896) and so on.6. Relation between the quality of life of Xinjiang civil servants and sub-healthThere is a positive correlation (r=0.748, P=0.000) between the total score of the life quality of Xinjiang civil servants and that of sub-health, with a statistically significant difference. The total scores for physiology, psychology of the quality of life of Xinjiang civil servants and those of sub-health positively correlated respectively with a statistically significant difference. Scores of the eight factors influencing the life quality of Xinjiang civil servants and the nine factors concerning sub-health are positively correlated, indicating a statistically significant difference. In a correlation analysis in which the quality of life the sub-health are labeled as variable Y and X respectively, the canonical correlation coefficient of the preceding six pairs of canonical coefficient (V, W) are0.777,0.390,0.341,0.176,0.107,0.094respectively. Tested via the likelihood ratio, this difference of canonical coefficients shows statistical significance, indicating a positive correlation between indices for the quality of life and that for sub-health. The first pair of canonical coefficients showcased a positive correlation between the psychological status of sub-health and that of the quality of life, contributing to an informational volume of80.677%among the whole volume of relevant information. The second pair of canonical coefficients demonstrates that physiological function of the sub-health is positively correlated to that of the quality of life, registering an informational contribution of9.530%. Correspondence Analysis summarized the corresponding relation between the quality of life and sub-health into three kinds, i.c. disease corresponding to low quality of life, severe sub-health to general quality of life, and health, mile sub-health and moderate sub-health to high quality of life.7. Evaluation of effect of Health self-management on the quality of life of Xinjiang civil servants Before the intervention, no statistical significant difference was found between scores of the eight factors in the quality of life (physiological function, role-physical, bodily pain, general health, vitality, social function, role-emotional and mental health) and total scores of physiological survey, psychological survey and the survey of the quality of life (t=0.648,0.387,0.530,0.174,0.082,0.045,0.374,0.591,0.001,0.291,0.170, P=0.518.0.700,0.597,0.862,0.935,0.964,0.709,0.555,0.999,0.771,0.865)in both experimental group and control group.After the intervention, scores of the eight factors in the quality of life (physiological function, role-physical, bodily pain, and general health) and total scores of physiological survey and the survey of the quality of life in both experimental group and control group registered a statistically significant difference(t=5.737,2.298,4.481,3.582,5.499,2.962,P=0.000,0.023,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.004)as scores in the experimental group stand generally higher than the control group, while scores of other factors like vitality, social function, role-emotional and mental health and total score of psychological survey represent no statistically significant difference (t=0.870,1.581,1.428,0.365,0.985, P=0.386,0.116,0.156,0.716,0.326).Covariance analysis shows that, After the intervention, scores of experimental group in physiological function, role-physical, bodily pain, general health,total scores of physiological and total scores of the quality of life higher than the control group (F=33.584,5.083,19.872,12.929,30.805,8.974, P=0.000,0.026,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.003), scores of both groups in other factors like vitality, social function, role-emotional and mental health and total score of psychological survey represent no statistically significant difference (F=0.755,2.537,1.972,0.148,1.024, P=0.387,0.114,0.163,0.701,0.314)=8. Evaluation of the process of health self-managementDegree of satisfaction with the effect of health self-management from the civil servants was the highest in the present survey, among which total scores of physiological survey, psychological survey, and quality of life and that of the effect of health self-management were5.62±0.68,5.62±0.68,5.72±0.51,5.64±0.55respectively, corresponding to98.3%,98.3%,100.0%,100.0％respectively in terms of degree of satisfaction. With respect to the awareness of health self-management, the civil servants do the best in the conceptual recognition, relatively well in the identification of the ideal, but not so well in conceptual understanding, the degree of satisfaction standing as100.0%,95.0%,78.3%respectively. As to intervention, the content were recognized as relatively scientific, practical, comprehensive, individual, as the average degree of satisfaction is98.3%but less advanced, resulting in a degree of satisfaction of78.3%.The intervening measure was considered well-targeted, easy to manipulate, endurable with a average degree of satisfaction is98.3%, but poorly edifying, leading to a degree of satisfaction of78.3%.Conclusion:1. Reliability and validity of SF-36survey are high in evaluation of the quality of life of Xinjiang civil servants.2. The quality of life of Xinjiang civil servants are moderately high with the standardized total score of the quality of life being (73.17±13.40), while the civil servants with higher quality of life take up81.7%.3. Factors influencing the quality of life of Xinjiang civil servants are variegated, mainly including age, dwelling, affiliation of organization, post and rank, average daily working hours, smoking, drinking, breakfast, sleeping, physical exercise, traffic condition, social intercourse, loss of love, divorce, domestic financial difficulty, loss of valuable property, dissatisfaction with present job, tension in leader-member relation, involvement in accident and so on.4. There is a positive correlation between the quality of life of Xinjiang civil servants and sub-health. The severe the sub-health, the lower is the quality of life.5. The practice of health self-management can improve the quality of life of Xinjiang civil servants. |
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