Study On "Different Disease, Same Syndrome And Same Syndrome, Same Theory" And Common Mechanism Of Complex Diseases Based On PTS And NEI

Objective:Complex Diseases such as malignant cancer, asthma and diabetes, caused by thecommon interaction of multiple genes and environmental factors, are threatening humanbeings, and becoming hotspot in modern biology.In recent years scientists put forward a new way of studying the human body as onewhole system. The essence of the neuro-endocrine-immune network (NEI) is to keep thehomeostasis and balance of organism by the three interdependent systems--nervous,endocrine and immune systems. The interaction between them is mediated by the nervoustransmitters, hormones and cytokines. It has been discovered that cancer, diabetes andasthma have many differences on their diagnosis’ and treatments, however all of thesehave pathophysiological change, prethrombotic state (PTS) in common.Uyghur medicines always stress the importance of considering the human body as awhole unit. It has its unique theoriy and treatment methods for complex diseases. Thefluid theory in Uighur traditional medicine describes the following: body fluid is the basicmatter during the vital life and physiological activity; it is produced and utilizedcontinuously and provides the energy for the vital activity. The abnormal savda as thefinal pathological production of abnormal sapra、abnormal kan, abnormal blgam is relatedclosely to the complex diseases.Complex diseases are complex, the reason lies in its beyond a part, an organs or asystem, and also affect the balance of whole systems.Thus, It is necessary to study theoverall biological disorder behind the basis of disease and to improve it, make thedevelopment of the disease in an isolated state, so as to improve the deterioration of thedisease, and slow down the progress of the disease. Therefore, it is necessary to find outthe common mechanism and common type on complex diseases.In this study we tested the expression of CD41, CD62p on platelets, the level ofplasma tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) and its inhibiter (PAI-1), the level of endothelin (ET-1), Activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), Fibrinogen (FIB),Prothrombin time (PT), Thrombin time (TT), the level of CD4~+, CD8~+, CD4~+/CD8~+,Narural killer (NK), Interleukin-1(IL-1β), Interleukin-6(IL-6), Tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), Adrenocorticotropic-hormone (ACTH), Corticosterone (CORT), Dopamine(DA) and Norepinephrine (NE) on patients of malignant cancer, cardiovascular diseasesand diabetes try to find out common mechanism and systematicness of complex diseasesfrom neuro-endocrine-immune network and prethrombotic state. we classified all thepatients according to body fluids standard in Uyghur Medicine tried to seek out one of themost common and most serious abnormal type then discussed the relationship betweenthat type and the neuro-endocrine-immune network、prethrombotic state, by using thismethod we tried to discover the common mechanism and common type in UyghurMedicine for complex diseases.Materials and Methods(1) in Uyghur Medicine of complex diseases287cases of malignant cancer,267casesof diabetes,307cases of asthma were provided by the Affiliated Hospital of XinjiangMedical University. Patients were classified according to Chinese Traditional and UygurMedicine fluid theory. For the control group,33cases of healthy individuals werechecked to make sure they did not have hypertension, diabetes or other heart, liver, kidneyand blood diseases. All the patients were classified according to body fluids standard inUyghur Medicine from the change of tongue, pulse condition, diet, sleep, defecate,urinate, skin, taste, eyes.(2) Determination on the neuroendocrine immune network related indicators:632patients (218patients of malignant tumor,174cases of diabetes,240cases of asthma) and33healthy volunteers were detected the following index: Flow cytometer technology wasutilized to detect the serum level count of CD3~+、CD4~+and CD8~+, and NK cell.Radio-immune technology was utilized to detect the serum level of cytokines includingIL-1β (Interleukin-1β)、IL-6、TNF-α (Tumor necrosis factor-α), and hormones likeACTH (adrenocorticotrophic hormone). Liquid Chromatography was utilized to detectthe plazma level of DA (dopamine) and NE (norepinephrine).(3) Determination on the prethrombotic state marks:228patients (69cases ofmalignant cancer,93cases of diabetes,67cases of asthma) and33healthy volunteerswere detected the following index: The expression of CD41, CD62p on platelets, the levelof plasma tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) and its inhibiter (PAI-1), the level of endothelin (ET-1), Activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), Fibrinogen (FIB),Prothrombin time (PT) and Thrombin time (TT) were tested by using Flow Cytometer,ELISA method, radioimmunoassay method and auto coagulometer.(4) Statistical analysis: SPSS13.0was used in the study. The data were expressed asmeans±standard deviation. Significance levels of a comparison were determined by usingANOVA. The difference between means were considered to be statistically significant ifP＜0.05.Results(1) The neuroendocrine immune network related indicators (between complexdiseases and control group) Compared to the control group, the amount of CD4~+,CD4~+/CD8~+, NK in complex diseases group were decreased (P＜0.05); the amount ofCD8~+was increased; The level of IL-1β、IL-6in complex diseases group were increased(P＜0.05); the amount of TNF-α were different in complex diseases, it was increased indiabetes and asthma group and was decreased in malignant tumor group; The level ofACTH and CORTin complex diseases group were decreased (P＜0.05), The level of NE、DA in complex diseases group were increased (P＜0.05), there was no difference onabove indexes between each complex diseases.(2) The prethrombotic state marks (between complex diseases and control group)Compared to the control group, the average amount of CD62P, the level of plasma PAI-1were increased (P＜0.05) in complex diseases group, The level of t-PA was decreased incomplex diseases group (P＜0.05); the level of ET-1were increased in the tumor group(P＜0.05), there was no significant change in the level of ET-1between control group andcomplex diseases group. APTT were significantly shorter in complex diseases group (P＜0.05), the level of plasma FIB was increased in complex diseases group (P＜0.05).PTwere significantly shorter in malignant cancer, diabetes and hypertension group, therewas no chang onTT, there was no difference on above indexes between each complexdiseases.(3) There were476cases of Abnormal Savda patients and385cases of nonAbnormal Savda patients among861cases of complex disease patients; among the totalclinical cases, the ratio of Abnormal Savda patients was55.28%, the ratio of nonAbnormal Savda patients was44.72%, the ratio of Abnormal Savda patients is muchbigger than the ratio of non Abnormal Savda patients.(4) The neuroendocrine immune network related indicators (between Abnormal Savda group of complex diseases and control group) Compared to control group, theaverage expression of CD4~+、NK were significantly increased both in Abnormal Savdagroup and non Abnormal Savda group (P＜0.05); Compared to non Abnormal Savdagroup, the average expression of CD4~+、NK were significantly increased in AbnormalSavda group (P＜0.05); Compared to control group, the level of IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α weresignificantly increased both in Abnormal Savda group and non Abnormal Savda group (P＜0.05); Compared to non Abnormal Savda group, the the leve of IL-1β、IL-6weresignificantly increased in Abnormal Savda group (P＜0.05); Compared to control group,the the leve of ACTH、CORT were significantly decreased both in Abnormal Savda groupand non Abnormal Savda group (P＜0.05); Compared to control group, the the leve ofDA、NE were significantly increased both in Abnormal Savda group and non AbnormalSavda group (P＜0.05); Compared to non Abnormal Savda group, the leve of NE wassignificantly increased in Abnormal Savda group (P＜0.05);(5) The prethrombotic state marks (between Abnormal Savda group of complexdiseases and control group) Compared to the control group, the average amount of CD62P,the plasma PAI-1and serum ET-1were significantly increased both in Abnormal Savdagroup and non Abnormal Savda group (P＜0.05). Compared to non Abnormal Savdagroup, the average expression of ET、CD62p were significantly increased in AbnormalSavda group (P＜0.05); Compared to the control group, the level of t-PA wassignificantly increased both in Abnormal Savda group and non Abnormal Savda group (P＜0.05). There was no difference in the amount of CD41between the Abnormal Savdagroup and the control group (P＞0.05). Compared to the control group, the level of FIBwas significantly increased both in Abnormal Savda group and non Abnormal Savdagroup (P＜0.05), Compared to non Abnormal Savda group, the level of FIB wassignificantly increased in Abnormal Savda group (P＜0.05), Compared to the controlgroup, the APTT and PT were significantly shorter both in the Abnormal Savda group andnon Abnormal Savda group (P＜0.05); there was no significant change in TT between thetwo groups (P＞0.05).Conclusion(1) Although the External symptoms of complex diseases are different, there arecommonness in pathogenesis on adjustment of neuroendocrine immune network, theCellular immune were reduced, the endocrine hormone levels were suppressed,Sympathetic activation, There is prethromboitic state both in complex diseases. Neuroendocrine-immune network disorder and Prethromboitic state might be one of thePathophysiological basis of complex diseases.(2) The continuity and relevance of the whole process prompts that complex diseaseis not simply localized lesions, but the body’s systemic change, That is to say complexdisease is not the only change in a certain organ but the overall change of the body.(3) Abnormal Savda Syndrome is the major type of complex diseases.Neuroendocrine-immune network disorder are more obvious on Abnormal SavdaSyndrome of complex diseases. Reflected in the disorderness of the immune function andobviousness of Sympathetic nerve activity. Prethromboitic state exists in the AbnornalSavda syndrom of complex diseases, Manifested in the injury of Vascular endothelial cell,activation of platelet, increasness of blood viscosity and reduction of fibrinolytic function.(4) During the Abnormal Savda generation process may be contained thedisfunctionness of the nervous system, endocrine system, immune system. Brokenbalance between nervous system, endocrine system, immune system might be one of themechanisms of the pathology of abnormal Savda. Immune dysfunction may be animportant feature of abnormal Savda Syndrome. Prethromboitic state exists in theAbnornal Savda syndrom of complex diseases, Manifested in the injury of Vascularendothelial cell, activation of platelet, increasness of blood viscosity and reduction offibrinolytic function.Vascular endothelial cell injury, platelet activation, increased bloodviscosity and reduced fibrinolytic function are the reasons for the formation of blood clot.This process also might be the one for the accumulation and burning of Abnormal Savdawhich eventually leads to the Abormal Savda syndrome.