| As the main body of terrestrial ecosystem, forest ecosystem is the largest carbon pool and palys an important role in global ecosystem.Accurate estimatting of forest ecosystem organic carbon and revealing the distribution of carbon storage and its dynamics in forsest ecosystems is critical for prediciting a feedback relationship of terrestrial ecosystems ro climate change.It is necessary to carry out studies on accurate assessment of forest ecosystem services value, so as to increase public awareness of importance of forest, to protect forest ecosystem with scientific management, to establish a superior forest ecosystem in the structure and function. We collected plant litters and soil profiles from field investigation across the Liaoning Province. Using these data from field measurements, forest rescources inventory data and the prices parameter released by the public resources of society, we estimated spatio-temporal distributions and environmental controls of carbon storage in forest ecosystem of Liaoning Province, and futher established a series of assessment index system suitable for Liaoning forest ecosystem services value, make an evaluation on the material quantity and services value of main forest ecosystem according to the selected indicators and determine the corresponding assessment method in Liaoning Province. The main results are summarized as follows:(1)The total carbon storage in the forest ecosystems was 774.70 Tg, and the carbon storages in arbor layer, litter layer and soil were 141.80 Tg,35.61 Tg and 597.29 Tg, accounting for 18.30%,4.60% and 77.10%. The carbon density in the forest ecosystem was 129.94 Mg/hm2, with 23.78 Mg/hm2 in arbor layer,5.97 Mg/hm2 in litter layer, and 100.18 Mg/hm2 in soil.(2)The carbon storage varies in different vegetation, was 180.04 Tg in Broadleaved mixed forest,139.96 Tg in Economic forest,90.61 Tg in Quercus forest,86.49 Tg in Other broad-leaved forest,73.74 Tg in Larix gmelinii forest,66.46 Tg in Sparse forest and shrubwood,43.36 Tg in Pinus tabuliformis Carr forest,42.38 Tg in Populus forest,26.17 Tg in Mixed broadleaf-conifer forest,8.11 Tg in Pinus koraiensis forest,6.20 Tg in Coniferous mixed forest,5.44 Tg in Pinus sylvestris forest,3.41 Tg in Other conifersforest, 1.52Tg in Betula forest, and 0.82 Tg in Picea-Abies forest. The dominant species such as Broadleaved mixed forest, Economic forest, Quercus forest, and Other broad-leaved forest are the main contributors to carbon storage in Liaoning forest ecosystem.(3)The forest ecosystem service value of Liaoning was 431.86 billion RMB, of which the direct value was 53.65 billion RMB, accounting for 12.42% of the total services value, and the indirect value was 378.21 billion RMB, accounting for 87.58% of the total services value. The order of forest ecosystem service values were water supply (30.43%)> carbon fixed and oxygen released (25.27%)> biodiversity conservation (23.66%)> forest resources (12.24%)> soil conserbvation (4.39%)> air environment purification (3.23%)> forest nutritient elements storage (0.60%)> forest tourism (0.18%). The water supply has the largest value per unit area (22000 yuan/hm) and forest tourism has the least value per unit area (100 yuan/hm2).(4)The total services values of different forest types in Liaoning Province were as follows:Broadleaved mixed forest>Economic forest>Quercus forest>Sparse forest and shrubwood>Other broad-leaved forest>Larix gmelinii forest>Pinus tabuliformis Carr forest>Populus forest>Mixed broadleaf-conifer forest>Pinus koraiensis forest>Pinus sylvestris forest>Coniferous mixed forest>Other conifers forest>Betula forest> Picea-Abies forest. The Liaoning Province total forest ecological service function total value of unit area was 72400 yuan/hm2. The Picea-Abies forest has the greatest forest ecological service function total value (92800 yuan/hm2) while the Sparse forest and shrubwood has the least forest ecological servise function total value (51600 yuan/hm2) of per unit area of different forest types.(5)The forest ecosystem service value in Liaoning Province in the two periods (2004-2008 and 2009-2013) was 365.21 and 431.86 billion RMB, and the average annual increases of service value was 13.33 billion RMB, the average annual growth rate was 3.41%. The average annual increases of direct value and indirect value were 7.07 and 6.26 billion RMB. The average annual growth rate of direct value and indirect value were 23.99% and 1.74%. |
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