Study On The Meat Characteristics And Nutritional Regulation Of Vitamine E In Baicheng-You Chickens From Xinjiang

This study was conducted to determine the differences of the meat characteristics between in Baicheng-You chickens from Xinjiang and Arbor Acres (AA) chickens. In addition, this study investigated different breeding systems on growth performance, carcass characters and meat quality. Furthermore, this study was conducted to test the effects of Vitamine E supplementation on meat quality, antioxidant and gene expression associated fat distribution and deposition in Baicheng-You chickens.1 Study on the meat characteristics of Baicheng-You chickensThirty market-age Baicheng-You chickens and thirty market-age AA chickens were selected to measure carcass traits and meat quality. Results showed that:(1) The body weight, semi-eviscerated percentage, percentage of breast muscle weight, percentage of abdominal fat weight in Baicheng-You chickens were significantly lower than those in AA chickens (P<0.01). However, the percentage of thigh muscle weight of Baicheng-You chickens was higher than AA chickens (P<0.05).(2) The pH45 min of breast muscle in Baicheng-You chickens was lower than those in AA chickens (P<0.01). In addition, the pH45 min of breast muscle in Baicheng-You chickens was lower than those in thigh muscle of Baicheng-You chickens. The pH24h of breast and thigh muscle decreased in Baicheng-You chickens compared to thigh muscle in AA chickens (P<0.01). Drip loss of thigh muscle in Baicheng-You chickens was lower than AA chickens on 24 h and 48 h, respectively. Furthermore, compared to AA chickens, cooking loss rate of Baicheng-You chickens decreased (P<0.05). There was no difference in the muscle shear force between Baicheng-You chickens and AA chickens at the same site (P>0.05).(3) The water percentage of breast muscle of Baicheng-You chickens was lower than thigh muscle of Baicheng-You chickens, and lower than those in breast and thigh muscle of AA chickens (P<0.01). Crude protein of breast muscle was higher than thigh muscle in Baicheng-You chickens (P<0.01). There was a negative correlation between the dry matter and water content of muscle in Baicheng-You chickens. The concentrations of thigh muscle of intramuscular fat were higher than breast muscle in Baicheng-You chickens, and higher than breast and thigh muscle in AA chickens (P<0.01). Moreover, the concentrations of inosinic acid of thigh muscle were higher than breast muscle in Baicheng-You chickens (P<0.01). The concentrations of inosinic acid of thigh muscle and breast muscle in Baicheng-You chickens were higher than those in AA chickens (P<0.01).(4) The diameter of breast muscle fiber in Baicheng-You chickens was shorter than those in AA chickens (.P<0.01), but the density of breast muscle fiber in Baicheng-You chickens was higher than AA broilers (P<0.01). There was no difference in the diameter and the density of thigh muscle fiber (P<0.01) between Baicheng-You chickens and AA chickens.2 Effects of different breeding systems on growth performance, carcass characters and meat quality in Baicheng-You chickensStudy on the effect of scatter-feed, ground-feed and the mesh bed-breed on growth performance, carcass characters and meat quality. Three hundred Baicheng-You chickens at 1 day of age with similar body weight were randomly distributed to 3 treatments, i.e. in the manners of scatter-feed, floor-rearing and mesh bed-breed, each of which had 4 pens of 25 chicks per pen. The chickens were feeded the same basic diet for 12 weeks. The results showed that:(1) Final body weight, average daily weight gain and feed intake decreased in the scatter-feed group compared with floor-rearing group and mesh bed-breed group (P<0.05), but there was no difference in feed gain ratio (P>0.05);(2) The semi-eviscerated weights (P<0.05) and the percentage of abdominal fat (P<0.05 or P<0.01) was significantly decreased in the scatter-feed group compared with the other two groups.(3) 24 h and 48 h drip loss of scatter-feed group was significantly decreased compared with the ground group (P<0.05) and the mesh bed-breed group (P<0.01) in the breast muscle.24 h and 48 h drip loss of scatter-feed group was significantly lower than iron groups in leg muscle (P<0.05). Shear force in leg muscle of scatter-feed group was significantly higher than iron groups. Meat color of scatter-feed group was significantly higher than other groups (P<0.05). Breeding systems had no influences on the pH45min, pH24h and cooking loss (P>0.05).(4) There was no effect of breeding system on dry matter, crude protein of breast and thigh muscle and ash contents of breast muscle in Baicheng-You chickens. Ash contents of leg muscle of the scattered group were significantly improved compared with the floor-rearing and mesh bed-breed group (P<0.01). The contents of the breast and leg muscle intramuscular fat and inosinic acid in the scatter-feed group were higher than the other two groups (P<0.05).(5) The diameters of muscle fiber of leg and breast muscle in the mesh bed-breed group were significantly reduced compared with the other two groups, while the optical density of both was augmented (P<0.05).3 Effect of vitamin E on growth performance, carcass characteristics, fat distribution and deposition and gene expression in Baicheng-You chickens480 one-day-old Baicheng-You chickens were randomly distributed to 6 treatments, each of which had 4 pens of 20 chicks per pen. Birds were fed with basal diet in the control group and with basal diets with vitamin E supplementation 10,50,100,150,200 mg/kg, respectively. The results showed that:(1) Vitamine E supplementation can improve average daily gain, feed efficiency and slaughter performance in Baicheng-You chickens. Compared to control group, Vitamine E supplementation can reduce mortality (P<0.01). The thigh meat weight (% of carcass) in 150 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg group was higher than those in control group. The abdominal fat weight (% of carcass) were significantly reduced in 50 mg/kg group than control group,10 mg/kg group and 100 mg/kg group(P<0.05). Results showed that content of saturated fatty acid decreased with increasing Vitamine E supplementation, but content of unsaturated fatty acid increased in breast muscle of Baicheng-You chickens. In addition, content of saturated fatty acid in breast muscle of Baicheng-You chickens of 100 mg/kg group and 200 mg/kg group were lower than control group. Compared with control group, content of unsaturated fatty acid of 50 mg/kg group,100 mg/kg group、150 mg/kg group and 200 mg/kg group were significantly increased (P<0.05). Furthermore, Vitamine E supplementation can reduce SFA:USFA ratio compared with control group.(2) 24 h drip loss of breast muscle in 100 mg/kg group was significantly lower compared with control group (P<0.05). There was no difference in 24 h drip loss of thigh muscle in all of groups (P>0.05). Cooking loss of thigh muscle were significantly increased compared with control group,100 mg/kg group (P<0.05) and 50 mg/kg group (P<0.01).There was no effect of Vitamine E supplementation on meat color, shear force, diameter and optical density of muscle fibre (P>0.05). The water percentage of breast muscle in 50 mg/kg group were significantly lower than 150 mg/kg group and 200 mg/kg group (P<0.05). Crude protein of breast muscle in 100 mg/kg group were significantly higher than control group and 200 mg/kg group, but there was no difference in crude protein of thigh in all of groups (P>0.05). Compared with control group, intramuscular fat of breast muscle in 10 mg/kg group and 200 mg/kg group were significantly increased (P<0.05). In addition, concentrations of inosinic acid of thigh muscle in 100 mg/kg group and 200 mg/kg group were significantly higher than control group (P<0.05). Concentrations of MDA in serum decreased with increasing Vitamine E supplementation, however, activity of T-SOD in serum increased. Activity of T-SOD in serum in 200 mg/kg group and 150 mg/kg were higher than control group. Concentrations of MDA in breast muscle increased with increasing storage time. Concentrations of MDA in 100 mg/kg group,150 mg/kg group and 200 mg/kg group were significantly lower than control group (P<0.05 or P<0.051), but there was no difference in 100 mg/kg group,150 mg/kg group and 200 mg/kg group.(3) Expression of H-FABP mRNA in breast muscle had a tendency to increase and then to decrease with increasing vitamine E supplementation. Compared to control group and 200 mg/kg group, H-FABP gene in breast had highest expression in 100 mg/kg group (P<0.01). However, expression of PLA2 mRNA in breast was significantly inhibited by Vitamine E supplementation in Baicheng chicken (P<0.01). Expression of PLA2 mRNA in breast decreased with increasing vitamine E supplementation. The expression of PLA2 mRNA in breast were significantly lower in 50 mg/kg,100 mg/kg,150 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg group than control group and 10 mg/kg group(P<0.01). The expression of H-FABP and PLA2 mRNA in liver had similar tendency to breast. Expression of H-FABP in liver was significantly higher in 100 mg/kg group than those in 50 mg/kg,150 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg group (P<0.05). Furthermore, expression of PLA2 mRNA in liver was significantly inhibited by Vitamine E supplementation in Baicheng-You chicken (P<0.01). Expression of PLA2 mRNA in liver was significantly lower in all vitamine E supplementation groups than those in control group, especially, PLA2 gene in liver had lowest expression in 50 mg/kg group (P<0.01).In conclusion:(1) Slaughter performance of Baicheng-You chickens was lower than AA birds. Water holding capacity of muscle and flesh color of muscle in Baicheng-You chickens was better than AA chickens. Concentrations of Intramuscular fat and inosinic acid in breast and thigh muscle of Baicheng-You chickens were significantly higher than those in AA chickens. The diameter of muscle fiber in Baicheng-You chickens was shorter than those in AA chickens, and the density of muscle fiber was higher than AA chickens.(2) On the basis of growth performance, slaughter performance and tenderness in Baicheng-You chickens, the manners ground-rearing and mesh bed-breed were better than the manners of scatter-feed. On the basis of the degree of the abdominal fat accumulation reducing, the manners of scatter-feed were better the manners offloor-rearing and mesh bed-breed.(3) Supplementation of Vitamine E at different levels can increase growth performance and slaughter performance in Baicheng-You chickens, and concentrations of unsaturated fatty acid were significantly increased.(4) Concentrations of MDA in serum and muscle were significantly increased in Baicheng-You chickens supplemented 100-200 mg/kg Vitamine E. In addition, concentrations of T-SOD increased significantly in Baicheng chickens.(5) Supplementation of Vitamine E can significantly increased expression of H-FABP in breast muscle and liver of Baicheng-You chickens, but expression of PLA2 in breast muscle and liver was inhibited in Baicheng-You chickens.