| It’s a long time for apricot cultivation in Xinjiang. Long-term natural selection, artificial selection and genetic mutation led to some genes infiltration in different regions, formed a unique and rich apricot germplasm resources. This research from the degree of molecular biology and morphology by phenotypic data and ISSR molecular markers to research the genetic diversity and genetic structure of xinjiang cultivate apricot and wild apricot germplasms, and the methord of core collection construct of Xinjiang cultivate apricot and wild apricot and the best core collection were discussed by the two degrees in this paper. And DNA fingerprint database of Xinjiang apricot varieties(lines) were construction. Aimed at provide the reference for protection, utilization and breeding of apricot germplasm resources in Xinjiang. The main research results are as follows:1. Regardless of Simpson and Shannon-weaver index of numerical or non-numerical traits,for cultivate apricot, the phenotypic diversity of Luntai sampling point was the richest which with the biggest valve for(0.983 4,4.831 6) and(1.033 8,4.886 4), but the phenotypic diversity of Tuokexun sampling point was wores, and other sampling points were in the middle; for wild apricot, the phenotypic diversity of Huocheng population was the richest which with the biggest valve for(0.979 9,4.729 9) and(0.981 9,4.770 1), Gongliu population was in the middle with(0.975 5, 0.975 5) and(0.978 6, 0.978 6), Xinyuan population was the smallest with(0.944 7, 0.944 7) and(0.945 2, 0.945 2); The genetic stability of the shape index and leaf aspect ratio were preferably for cultivate apricot and wild apricot, but the variability of fruit weight and nuclear fresh weight were relatively worse.2. The phenotypic level, Between twelve cultivate apricot sampling points, the genetic distance of Aheqi and Cele sampling point was the biggest for 38.191 8, the genetic relationship of them was the farthest, the genetic distance of Yingjisha and Luntai sampling point was least for 9.241 7, and the genetic relationship of them was closely. For wild apricot populations, the genetic distance of Xinyuan population and Gongliu population was the biggest for 20.445 3, the genetic relationship of them was the farthest, the genetic distance of Huocheng population and Xinyuan population was least for 19.218 6, and the genetic relationship of them was closely.3. 320 cultivate apricots and 135 wild apricots were respectively amplificationed by the method of ISSR molecular marker technology with the 22 selected primers: For cultivate apricot, 485 bands were amplified, included 478 polymorphic bands, the percentage of polymorphism loci was 98.56%. The values of percentage of polymorphic loci, observed number of alleles, effective number of alleles, Nei’s genetic diversity and shannon information index of cultivate apricot were respectively for 98.56%、1.985 6、1.381 6、0.240 9 and 0.370 5, the genetic diversity was rich, and the genetic diversity of Luntai sampling point was the richest, the genetic diversity of Aheqi, Cele and Tuokexun sampling points were relatively poor. For wild apricot, 467 bands were amplified, included 465 polymorphic bands, the percentage of polymorphism loci was 99.49%. The values of percentage of polymorphic loci, observed number of alleles, effective number of alleles, Nei’s genetic diversity and shannon information index of wild apricot were respectively for 99.57%、1.995 7、1.387 9、0.244 9 and 0.387 4, genetic diversity was rich, and the genetic diversity of Huocheng population was the richest, the genetic diversity of Xinyuan was relatively poor, Gongliu population was in the middle.4. The molecular level, the genetic differentiation coefficient of cultivate apricot sampling points was 0.263 2, The genetic variation of the cultivate apricot resources in Xinjiang was mainly existed in the intra-sampling point(73.68%), and a few was existed in the inter-sampling point(26.32%). The genetic differentiation coefficient of wild apricot populations was 0.135 7, the genetic variation of the wild apricot resources in Xinjiang was mainly existed in the intra-population(84.85%), and a few was existed in the inter-population(15.15%).5. The molecular level, among the cultivate apricot sampling points, it was most closely genetic relationship between Yingjisha and Luntai sampling point, the genetic similarity between them was the highest for 0.983 9, the genetic distance of them was minimal for 0.016 2; but it was farthest genetic relationship between Aheqi and Cele sampling point, the genetic similarity between them was least for 0.839 0, the genetic distance of them was maximum with 0.175 6. Among wild apricot populations, it was most closely genetic relationship between Huocheng population and Xinyuan population, the genetic similarity between them was the highest for 0.950 6, the genetic distance of them was minimal for 0.050 7; but it was farthest genetic relationship between Xinyuan population and Gongliu population, the genetic similarity between them was least for 0.926 3, the genetic distance of them was maximum with 0.076 5.6. 35 phenotypic characters data that with standardized treatment were used to construct the core collection of Xinjiang cultivate apricot and wild apricot. The methoed of stepwise clustering by the preferred sampling strategy, euclidean distance, and combined with the single linkage was the most appropriate method to construct the core collection of cultivate apricot in Xinjiang. 68 core collection resources of cultivate apricot were choose by the sampling proportions of 25%, and they can take a good represent for initial collection with the phenotypic reserve proportions of 97.83%. By the preferred sampling strategy, euclidean distance, and combined with the Ward’s method was the most appropriate method to construct the core collection of wild apricot in Xinjiang. 33 core collection resources of wild apricot were choose by the sampling proportions of 25%, and they can take a good represent for initial collection with the phenotypic reserve proportions of 97.24%.7. Based on ISSR molecular markers, the method of allele preferred sampling stragegy and Jaccard genetic distance by stepwise clustering was a suitable method for constructing Xinjiang cultivate apricot core collection. The core collection included 68 apricot resources which were retained the initial collection 21.25 % germplasm samples, the retention ratio of number of polymorphic loci, percentage of polymorphic loci, observed number of alleles, effective number of alleles, Nei’s genetic diversity and shannon information index were respectively for 95.19%、95.94%、97.99%、102.29%、110.92%、110.04%%. The method of allele preferred sampling stragegy and Nei & Li genetic distance by stepwise clustering was a suitable method for constructing Xinjiang wild apricot core collection. The core collection included 31 apricot resources which were retained the initial collection 22.96% germplasm samples, the retention ratio of number of polymorphic loci, percentage of polymorphic loci, observed number of alleles, effective number of alleles, Nei’s genetic diversity and shannon information index were respectively for 92.69%、98.83%、99.42%、103.26%、109.24%、108.31%. Fanily, by the principal coordinate analysis and phenotypic traits to confirmation of core germplasm, cultivate and wild apricot core collection could stand for original collection excellently.8. 4 ISSR primer pairs which with high polymorphisms and good repeatability that were selected from 100 ISSR primer pairs, there name respectively were UBC809、UBC836、UBC844 and UBC850 which were regarded as specific primers. 4 primer pairs produced 78 loci of which 73 were polymorphic. The average value of observed number of alleles, effective number of alleles, Nei’s genetic diversity and shannon information index were respectively for 1.931 3, 1.436 8, 0.262 2 and 0.402 8, showed that genetic diversity of all varieties(or lines) were relatively abundant. The similarity coefficient of P. armeniaca cv. Huangrouyouxing and P. armeniaca cv. Dawuyuexing was 0.884 6, genetic distance was 0.122 6; The similarity coefficient of P. armeniaca cv. Kumanti and P. armeniaca cv. Suogejianali was 0.564 1, genetic distance was 0.572 5. 46 apricot varieties(lines) that could identified by combined two different combinations of 4 primers quickly and accurately. Only P. armeniaca cv. Lajiaoxing and P. armeniaca cv. Yiliakeyulvke need three primers combination can be identified. And a characteristics DNA fingerprint database of 48 apricot varieties(lines) was constructed by using the 4 ISSR primers with Gel 2.0 fingerprint automatic identification system. |
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