Study On Genetic Diversity Of Phenotypic Traits In Apricot (prunus Armeniaca L.) Cultivars In Southern Xinjiang,china

Xinjiang, China is an ancient center of apricot plant resources and has extremely abundant apricot germplasm, and a long term domestication cultivation and selection by seedling propagation and desert formed the unique ecological type or ecological varieties. Recently, although the studies on phenotypic trait and molecular of southern Xinjiang apricot have made great progress, the studies on flavor and fatty acid compositions in almond oil of southern Xinjiang apricot remain little. In this study, aroma components, sugar and acid compositions, fatty acid compositions in almond oil and genetic diversity in 30 varieties of southern Xinjiang apricot were studied by Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and Capillary Electrophoresis (CE). The aim of the study was to acquire basic data for genetic diversity and to supply scientific theory for the protection and utilization of these resources.The main results were as follows:1,9 classes such as esters, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones and heterocycles including 213 compositions were identified in southern Xinjiang apricot fruits, and that southern Xinjiang apricot presented considerable genetic variations both in total classes of volatile components, in classes and contents of each compound classes and in segregation ratio and content of main components, which revealed significant difference between varieties and rich genetic diversity in the population.2,Compared with the volatile components of 4 north China apricot cultivars, alcohols and heterocycles contents in southern Xinjiang apricot were significantly higher than those in north China apricot while esters were remarkably lower than north China apricot.3,The variation coefficients of fructose, glucose, sucrose, malate and citrate in southern Xinjiang apricot were more than 29%, which revealed wider variation range and rich genetic diversity.4,Comparison of the sugar and acid compositions in southern Xinjiang apricot with those in north China apricot cultivars showed the content of total sugar in southern Xinjiang apricot (146.58 mg·g-1) was 2.23 times of that in north China apricot (65.73mg·g-1) and the sugar and acid compositions in southern Xinjiang apricot was significantly different to that in north China apricot. The content of fructose in southern Xinjiang apricot (32.36 mg·g-1) was 7.85 times of that in north China apricot (4.12 mg·g-1). Southern Xinjiang apricot belongs to malate/citrate type, while north China apricot belongs to citrate / malate type.5,15 fatty acid compositions such as oleic, linoleic, palmitoleic, palmitic, stearic were identified in almond oil in southern Xinjiang apricot, and the contents of unsaturated acids were with in the range from 83.26% to 88.81%, and oleic were the highest, followed by linoleic and palmitic in all varieties, which included the excellent germplasm of"high oleic, high linoleic and low palmitic acids".6,Plenty of unsaturated fatty acids were both in southern Xinjiang apricot and north China apricot, and significant difference revealed in the contents of fatty acids between varieties, which the variation coefficients were with in the range from 6.37% to 49.38% and 3.44% to 79.57%. But the variation coefficients of the main fatty acids such as oleic and linoleic both were below 10%, which revealed modest variation range and certain genetic diversity.