| Vaccinium uliginosum L. has high cold resistance, is one specific species of alpine region in China. This species mainly distributed in Da Hinggan Mountains, Xiao Hinggan Mountains, and Chang Bai Mountain of China, the area covers more than300,000hm2. Vaccinium uliginosum is an extremely precious natural species which has great value of protection and economy. This paper focuses on the distribution and resources of wild V. uliginosum in Daxing Mountains, its biological and ecological characteristics, mycorrhizal and molecular characteristics, tissue culture and cuttage techniques. The purpose of this paper is to provide theoretical guidance and technical support for the scientific conservation, the resource utilization, the obtaince of cultivated varieties, and the promotion of industrialization of V. uliginosum.A comprehensive survey (3natural geographic zones belonging to14Forestry Bureau) on the germplast resources of wild V. uliginosum in Da Hinggan Mountains has been made. The result of this survey showed that there was a downward trend on the resources of V. uliginosum in the past10years. The population areas reduced from520000hm2in1970’s to310000hm2at the present, fruit harvest from80thousand tons down to20thousand tons. The seedling regeneration was poor. The population growth weakened, the average height reduced from86cm to64cm, the crown decreased from67cm to52cm.The investigation of bio-ecological character of V. uliginosum showed that the leaf buds began to germinate in middle May, the flower buds appeared in large numbers from late May to June, the fruit growed during the beginning of July to August, the fruit became ripening and turned to purple in the middle of August. The fruit abscission occurred in the middle of September; the deciduous appeared in late September, followed the dormancy. The growth period was109days. V. uliginosum could be resistant to low temperature up to-52℃. Suitable light intensity, canopy density, and soil pH was4300-5400(LX),0.4-0.6,4.5to5.5respectively. Meadow soil type and tower head meadow habitat was the optimal growth condition of blueberry.The morphology of mycorrhizae of wild V. uliginosum was more complicated, there were both typical Ericoid mycorrhizal (ERM) features including the intracellular hypha, a joint buckle of hypha, the coil, and ectomycorrhizal (EM) characteristics including emanating mycelium and hypha mantle. Few samplings presented the typical arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) features, such as vesicular and arbuscular structure. These results mentioned above indicated that V. uliginosum could form different types of mycorrhizae. Two types of hyphae have been observed. Type one had septa and formed hypha net and mantle, type two lacked septa and formed coil, hypha buckle, arbuscules and vesicles structures. These phenomena indicated that these fungi associated with blueberry were different.The Ty3/Gypsy retrotransposon sequences of V. uliginosum were amplified by PCR for the first time. The target fragment was about418bp. This indicated that the Ty3-Gypsy retrotransposon existed frequently in V. uliginosum.The optimal medium for induction and multiplication of adventitious bud during the tissue culture process of V. uliginosum was the improved WPM+6-BA1. Omg/L+ZTl. Omg/L. The best medium for subculture was the solide culture. The best rooting medium was improved WPM+IBA0.5mg/L. The optimal substrate for seedling adaption was the combination of vermiculite+perlite+peat (1:1:1).The seed germination rate was very low for wild V. uliginosum. Heat treatment has a certain improvement on germination rate. The best performace was obtained under110℃heat treatment, germination rate reached14.2%. In cutting experiments using3kinds of reagents under4different consentrations, the rooting rate showed that the rooting powder> IBA> NAA. The rooting rate of cutting between different reagents showed no significantly difference. However, the rooting rate under different concentration of three reagents showed significantly difference, the best concentration was the1000×10-6... |
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