| As an important food crop, rice not only ranks first in the aspect of the production yield of grain crops in Heilongjiang province, but also plays an important decisive role in the food and energy security of China. Heilongjiang province locates in high latitudes in the northern part of China, so it’s typical of complexity of climatic conditions and temperature changes greatly. According to the effective accumulated temperature of the crop, it is divided into six accumulated temperature zone. Rice is authorized by a variety of numerous cases in specific production. In the view of the research on characteristics of ideal plant type of rice between1900-2700accumulated temperature span in cold region of Heilongjiang province have been reported, but there is little comprehensive, dynamic measure system research apply to rice plant type in the entire process of growth especially, and the research of ideal plant type dominant index comprehensive system division have still less. Through construction of ideal plant type of rice varieties in different accumulated temperature zone in Heilongjiang province, this research confirm that the ideal plant type system traits associated with yield and quality. By means of the establishment of index system of ideal plant type of rice, this study filter the rice varieties in Heilongjiang province, and explicit the characteristics of rice ideal plant type in Heilongjiang province, summarize the development direction of trend analysis in Heilongjiang rice ideal type breeding. In order to provide theoretical basis and technical support for the ideal plant type system construction of Heilongjiang province rice yield quality and resistance, it would utilize the effects of cultivation methods on rice plant type and improved the rice plant type. The results are as follows:1. The temperature changes in different accumulated temperature zone basically shows warming trend in Heilongjiang Province. On the whole each index of temperature variation appear the same increase year by year. The annual mean minimum temperature change rate shows maximum, followed by the annual average temperature, and the annual mean maximum temperature was minimum. On the overall the annual precipitation on the temporal variation on presents declining trend in Heilongjiang Province.2. The yield of rice varied regularly among different accumulated temperature zone in Heilongjiang province, and not simply increases with the temperature increased. The yield of rice was followed by the Third accumulated temperature zone>the First accumulated temperature zone>the Second accumulated temperature zone>the Fourth accumulated temperature zone. The yield of rice in the Third accumulated temperature zone significantly higher than the others. The diversity in the yield of rice was not significant between the First accumulated temperature zone and the Second accumulated temperature zone, but significantly higher than the Fourth accumulated temperature zone.3. By comparing the cumulative contribution rate data of the yield and related traits of rice in Heilongjiang Province, nine principal component factors were extracted. The influence index of rice production in Heilongjiang province were as follows:GNPP> NP> GP> TPW> PGR> PB/P> SBRG> TFW>HI.4. The BR MR and HR of rice in the Third accumulated temperature zone is the higher than the others and the First accumulated temperature zone is the lowest. The rice appearance quality of GL G W and LWR in the Fourth accumulated temperature zone are minimum value. But CG and CD in the Third accumulated temperature zone are the highest, the Fourth accumulated temperature zone lower than the others. The PC of rice grain nutritional quality in the Second and Fourth accumulated temperature zone are higher than the others. The FAC in in the Third accumulated temperature zone is significantly higher than the others.5. By analyzing principal component for the correlation of rice quality traits in Heilongjiang province, and extracting from the quality data of test varieties, the result showed that the five principal component were set as the milling quality factor, chalkiness factor, nutritional quality factor, grain shape factor and eating quality factor. According to the different components and the contribution rate of the characteristic value, those quality indexes can be apply as the main characters of rice quality evaluation.6. The results of cluster analysis of rice yield and quality traits in Heilongjiang province shows that five species of high yield and high quality varieties, third species of mid-high yield and high quality varieties, eleven species of mid yield and mid quality varieties, nine species of mid-low yield and mid quality varieties, four species of low yield and lower quality varieties. Rice species is relatively high yield and good quality in Heilongjiang province which makes up approximately a quarter of the test varieties, so still with low yield and low quality varieties be in the majority. Most of the High yield and high quality rice varieties are concentrated in the First and Third accumulated temperature zone, but the majority of the rice varieties in the Second accumulated temperature zone are mid yield and mid quality varieties. High yield and high quality rice varieties is a rare spectacle in the Fourth accumulated temperature zone.7. The total dry matter production of rice varieties in early growth stage shows the Second accumulated temperature zone> the Third accumulated temperature zone> the First accumulated temperature zone> the Fourth accumulated temperature zone; but in lately growth stage are show as the Third accumulated temperature zone> the First accumulated temperature zone> the Second accumulated temperature zone> the Fourth accumulated temperature zone. Each parts apparent conversion performance of rice varieties in Heilongjiang province appear that spike part> leaf part> stem and sheath part. The dry matter accumulation of spike part is far greater than the amount of leaf part and stem and sheath part, which explains the dry matter production to eventually yield contribution rate after heading is higher than before.8. The based on gray relationship degree method gives an excellent resolution to the construction of ideal plant type of rice in Heilongjiang province. In order to Longjing25Dongnong425and Kendao13of panicle traits gives the best comprehensive performance. The stem and leaf traits of Dongnong425Suijing9and Kendao10are better overall the otheres. The Dongnong425Longjing25and Kendao13in rice ideal type comprehensively display optimization model9. High yield and high quality types of rice varieties in Heilongjiang province has the characteristics of higher biomass production developed root system, stem strength and gain coefficient. The NP and GNPP of rice varieties floating larger changes, but the total grain number per unit area of high yield and good quality of rice varieties could reach35000m-2, TGW is26-28g, SSR setting92-97%, PL for16-19cm, PW for2.2-2.9g, GD value greater, PTI is range between0.4and0.5. There is erect panicle type for the mainly ideal panicle type, but have a few varieties of curved panicle type varieties. The stem and tiller for High yield and high quality rice varieties in Heilongjiang province also have typical of plant height about90-98cm, very sturdy stems, ILUSR ratio is greater than46%, BIR ratio is less than9%, PPP is greater than86%, MT is ranges among28and39. The research for the leaf part of high yield and high quality rice varieties in Heilongjiang province has the characteristics as follows:LTL and LSL were greater than LFL in the leaf length facet; but WFL> WSL> WTL for the leaf width facet; LAS> LAT> LAF in the leaf area facet. The leaf space configuration with high yield and good quality rice varieties showed sparse leaves, upper leaves rushing, middle leaves rosing, lower leaves spreading. For leaf space vertical configuration, LPHF LPHS and LPHT is respectively rand among59-73cm33-47cm and30-37cm. For leaf space level configuration, DDF DDS and DDT is ranged among2.2-4.04.9-14.3and11.0-21.0. |
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