Effect Of Soil Fertility And Temperature On Rice Yield And Quality In Heilongjiang Area

The yield of rice and rice quality were affected by genetic factors, soil fertilityconditions and clamitic temperature closely. In recent years, Heilongjiang provincerice production development was vary rapid, and had become our country importantorigin of commercial rice. Because of the vast territory, soil fertility level differences,grasp the relationship of rice yield, rice quality and local soil feitility level andtemperature conditions, to suit one′s measures to local conditions to choose ricevarieties, restablish cultivation technical system, implementation agriculture with highyield and good quality had an important significance. Pot experimentation, field testand production methods were used in this paper, and choiced different fertility levelsoil of larger rice cultivation area, carried out research between soilconditions,temperature and rice growth, nutrient uptake, yield, quality, carried out theresearch between active climatic temperature and rice yield,quality at the same time;discussed the impact mechanism of temperature and soil conditions on rice growth,yield,quality indictors, put forword the principles and recommendations of choosingsuitable experimental area rice varieties and cultivation measures. The main resultswere as follows:1The effect of soil fertility on rice growth and development indexesThe differences of effective tiller of rice and maximum tiller, leaf area index, drymatter accumulation were obvious; The statistical results indicated that, the effectivetiller of rice and maximum tiller, leaf area index, dry matter accumulation hadsignificant or extremely significant positive correlation with soil organic matter, totalnitrogen content, alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen content, and had no significantrelationship with the content of available phosphorus and potassium.2The relationship of soil fertility factors and nutrient absorption of riceNitrogen, phosphorus, potassium content of rice plant was related with soil alkalihydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium content in different growth period of rice, the nitrogen and phosphorus reached extrmely significantcorrelation level in tillering stage and mature stage, potassium was closely positivecorrelation in rice tillering stage, jointing, heading and mature stage; plant nitrogen,phosphorus, potassium accumulation content was related with the corresponding soilelement of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, the accumulative proportion of nitrogen,phosphorus, potassium was1.00：045-0.51：0.78-0.92after harvest; plant Cu, Mn, Fe,Zn content was significant positive correlation with soil Cu, Mn, Fe, Zn conten afterharvest; but had no obvious ralationship to each organ nutrient allocation ratio of thiselement content.3The relationship of soil fertility, plant nutrient and rice yieldRice yield differences reached extremly significant level in different fertilitylevel soil, the rice yield was significantly positively related with soil organic matter,total nitrogen, alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen content, and had no significantcorrelations with soil available phosphorus and available potassium content.Soil alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen content was207-215mg kg-1in tillering stage,the content of plant nitrogen was about1.86%, the rice yield was the highest; riceplant phosphorus content was significant positive correlation with yield in everygrowth period, but the correlation was the maximum at jointing stage, the phosphoruscontent of plant was in0.68-0.69%, corresponding soil phosphorus content was23-24mg kg-1, the rice yield was high; the potassium content of plant and rice yieldwere related at jointing and filling stage, but in jointing stage, soil potassium contentwas132-150mg kg-1, the corresponding potassium content of plant was in1.22-1.23%,rice yield was the highest. The results could be used as a referance guide offertilization.4The relationship between temperature and rice yieldThe rice heading time was in advance and date change with temperatureincteased, the change range of heading date and yield were different accordingvarieties reaction to temperature, the rice varieties reaction to temperature was stonger,the change range of yield and heading date was larger, the change range of headingrate was respectively12-14d,8d,6d in sensitive,intermediate,insensitive type rice, the upper,lower limit range of plant accumulated temperature was respectively300℃、360℃and380℃; in a certain accumulated temperature range, the rice spike number,grain number per spike, yield was increase after the first drop trend, elevatedtemperature could reduce the empty rate, and grain weight was not be affected.5The effect of soil fertility level and temperature on rice qualityGrain chalky rate,chalkiness degree was mainly affected by the accumulatedtemperature, grain chalky rate and chalkiness degree was low with accumulatedtemperature increased, the fertility level of soil was too high or too low, would reducethe appearance quality of rice; grain length, grain width, ratio of length to width wasmainly affected by genetic control factors.Protein content and amylose content were the main indexes of rice eating quality,protein content of rice was different according to varieties firstly, and was affected bytemperature and soil characteristic, grain protein content was significant related withsoil nitrogen content, rice amylose content was mainly affected by genetic factorscontrolling of breed itself.Rice taste score had extremely significant positive correlation with mouth sence,color, taste, rice taste of cooked rice, rice taste would be decreasing with soil fertilitylevel decreasing, would increasing with the accumulated temperature rising, the ricetaste was better with long grain type, good appearance quality, low protein contentand amylose content in corresponding areas.In conclusion, the soil characters,fertility level and temperature conditionaffected rice nutrient absorption and substance synthesis, rice yield and quality. Inpratical production, suitable rice variety should be selected according to temperature,and the cultivation and management ways aslo should be rational selected accordingto temperature and soil condition, coordinated the relationship of rice yield and quality,to implemented the target of rice high yield, good quality and high efficiency.